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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecpolicy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5124</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-2658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Economic Policy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18288/1994-5124-2021-3-112-137</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecpolicy-108</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Региональная политика</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Regional Policy</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Северный Кавказ: выбор стратегических ориентиров</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Northern Caucasus: Choosing Strategic Landmarks</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стародубровская</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Starodubrovskaya</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Викторовна Стародубровская — кандидат экономических наук, руководитель научного направления «Политическая экономия и региональное развитие»; ведущий научный сотрудник Центра региональных исследований и урбанистики,</p><p>125009, Москва, Газетный пер., 3–5;</p><p>119571, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 82. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Starodubrovskaya, Cand. Sci. (Econ.),</p><p>3–5, Gazetny per., Moscow, 125009;</p><p>82, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irinas@iet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казенин</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazenin</surname><given-names>Konstantin I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Константин Игоревич Казенин — кандидат филологических наук, директор Центра региональных исследований и урбанистики,</p><p>119571, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 82. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin I. Kazenin, Cand. Sci. (Philol.),</p><p>82, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kz@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ситкевич</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sitkevich</surname><given-names>Daniil A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Даниил Андреевич Ситкевич — научный сотрудник; аспирант; младший научный сотрудник Центра региональных исследований и урбанистики,</p><p>125009, Москва, Газетный пер., 3–5;</p><p>119234, Москва, Ленинские Горы, 1/46;</p><p>119571, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 82. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daniil A. Sitkevich,</p><p>3–5, Gazetnyy per., Moscow, 125009;</p><p>1–46, Leninskiye Gory, Moscow, 119234;</p><p>82, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Sitkevich@iep.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт экономической политики им. Е. Т. Гайдара; РАНХиГС</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy; Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>РАНХиГС</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт экономической политики им. Е. Т. Гайдара; МГУ им. М. В. Ломоносова; РАНХиГС</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>112</fpage><lpage>137</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Стародубровская И.В., Казенин К.И., Ситкевич Д.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Стародубровская И.В., Казенин К.И., Ситкевич Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Starodubrovskaya I.V., Kazenin K.I., Sitkevich D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/108">https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/108</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена анализу концептуальных подходов к стратегическому развитию на Северном Кавказе, что вновь становится актуальным в связи с провалом реализации Стратегии СКФО, подтвержденным результатами проверок Счетной палаты РФ. Анализ показывает, что выявленные проблемы связаны не с отдельными недостатками в выборе и настройке инструментов поддержки ускоренного социально-экономического развития в регионе, но c неадекватностью выбранной модели, названной в статье «модернизация сверху». Эта модель предусматривают опору на крупные инвестиционные проекты, поддерживаемые государством и финансируемые за счет привлеченных в регион извне инвестиций. Хотя попытки «модернизации сверху» терпели неудачу не только на Северном Кавказе, но и во многих развивающихся странах, а сама модель имеет значительные конструктивные недостатки, эта стратегия по-прежнему воспринимается многими как возможная политика по стимулированию экономического развития. В качестве альтернативы авторами предлагается модель «модернизации снизу», обеспечивающая догоняющее развитие не путем внешних денежных вливаний, а за счет внутренних ресурсов региона. Государство в рамках этой модели содействует улучшению инвестиционного климата, снятию барьеров на пути развития уже существующего местного бизнеса и созданию условий наибольшего благоприятствования для открытия местными жителями новых предприятий. В логике этой модели рассматриваются вопросы легализации теневой экономики, стимулирования кооперации, формирования инфраструктуры содействия догоняющему развитию. В анализе используются релевантные примеры из международного опыта, в том числе лучшие и худшие практики ускорения развития Юга Италии, а также опыт легализации теневой экономики в ряде стран.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the analysis of conceptual issues related to the development strategy of the North Caucasus region. These issues are pressing again because of the failure of the North Caucasus Strategy, confirmed by the audit of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation. The analysis shows that the roots of the identified problems are related not to the wrong choice or configuration of the instruments stimulating accelerated growth in the region but to the inadequate character of the whole model of “modernization from above” as it is referred to in the article. This model is oriented to the implementation of large investment projects supported by the state and financed by investments outside the region. Despite attempts at “modernization from above” being ineffective not only in the North Caucasus region, but in other developing areas as well, and the modernization itself having significant downsides, the strategy is still perceived by many as a plausible policy toward stimulating economic development. The “grassroots modernization” model, based on internal rather than external resources of the region, is considered as an alternative. The state in this model facilitates the improvement of the investment climate and removal of the barriers to local businesses’ development as well as creation of an “enabling environment” in which local economy can grow and flourish. The issues of shadow economy legalization, stimulation of cooperation and formation of development infrastructure are discussed using the approaches of “grassroots modernization.” Relevant examples of international experience are used in the analysis, including the best and the worst practices of support for accelerated growth in Southern Italy as well as the experience of shadow economy legalization in several countries.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>догоняющее развитие</kwd><kwd>модернизация</kwd><kwd>легализация теневой экономики</kwd><kwd>индустриальные районы</kwd><kwd>институты развития</kwd><kwd>Северный Кавказ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>catch-up development</kwd><kwd>modernization</kwd><kwd>shadow economy legalization</kwd><kwd>industrial districts</kwd><kwd>development institutions</kwd><kwd>North Caucasus</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья выполнена в рамках государственного задания РАНХиГС 2021 года.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гершенкрон А. 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