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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecpolicy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5124</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-2658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Economic Policy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18288/1994-5124-2022-5-104-145</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecpolicy-111</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Промышленность</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Industry</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Выявление факторов дефолтов компаний обрабатывающей промышленности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Factors Leading to Default by Russian Manufacturing Companies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8769-5922</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бекирова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bekirova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Александровна Бекирова, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории прикладных макроэкономических исследований Института прикладных экономических исследований</p><p>117517, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 82</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Bekirova, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Applied Macroeconomic Research, Institute of Applied Economic Research</p><p>82, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bekirova-oa@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2945-5271</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубарев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubarev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Витальевич Зубарев, кандидат экономических наук, заведующий лабораторией прикладных макроэкономических исследований Института прикладных экономических исследований</p><p>117517, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 82</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Zubarev, Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Head of the Laboratory of Applied Macroeconomic Research, Institute of Applied Economic Research</p><p>82, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zubarev@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>РАНХиГС</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>104</fpage><lpage>145</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бекирова О.А., Зубарев А.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бекирова О.А., Зубарев А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bekirova O.A., Zubarev A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/111">https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/111</self-uri><abstract><p>Работа посвящена анализу факторов банкротств российских компаний обрабатывающей промышленности (в том числе в разрезе подотраслей) за период 2012–2020 годов. В качестве эконометрического инструментария для моделирования вероятности банкротств компаний использована логистическая регрессия. Устойчивость компаний столь важной и масштабной области особенно значима в кризисные периоды, когда большое число дефолтов может повлечь необходимые меры экономической политики по поддержке отрасли. Особенностью исследования является следующее. Ввиду отсутствия стандартизированной базы, содержащей даты начала процедур банкротства в отношении российских компаний, авторы самостоятельно конструируют эту базу. Это делается на основе информации, которую предоставляет система данных о компаниях СПАРК. В отличие от большинства работ настоящая статья предлагает учитывать не только юридическую процедуру банкротства, но и экономические причины несостоятельности компаний. Эти причины можно выявить на основе финансовой отчетности. Таким образом, фактически вводится расширенное определение банкротства, которое позволяет учесть большее число наблюдений за счет случаев, когда компания испытывает финансовые затруднения, но не проходит юридическую процедуру банкротства. Согласно полученным результатам финансовые показатели рентабельности, ликвидности и деловой активности играют значимую роль в объяснении вероятности дефолта российских компаний обрабатывающей промышленности. Особое внимание уделено тому, как на вероятность банкротства, определяемого двумя способами (простым и расширенным), влияют факторы корпоративного управления и структуры собственности. Во-первых, учет этих показателей привел к увеличению прогнозной силы моделей в обоих случаях. Во-вторых, оказалось, что эти показатели устойчиво значимо коррелируют с вероятностью банкротства с учетом причин экономической несостоятельности. Значимость в моделях с простым определением наблюдается не для всех подотраслей. Среди результатов есть наблюдение, что совмещение роли владельца и управленца увеличивает устойчивость компании, а слишком высокие доли владения увеличивают вероятность банкротства.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This study analyzes factors influencing the bankruptcy of companies in the Russian manufacturing industry during the period from 2012 to 2020. Logistic regression was used as an econometric tool for modelling the probability of default by companies. Because there was no standardized database indicating the dates when bankruptcy proceedings for Russian companies commenced, that information had to be obtained independently by the authors from data provided by the SPARK system. Both legal bankruptcy proceedings and the economic reasons for a company’s insolvency, which can be ascertained from financial statements, are treated as a dependent variable. This approach in effect broadens the definition of bankruptcy by permitting a greater number of data points derived from instances in which a company is in financial difficulties but does not go through a legal bankruptcy procedure. The results indicate that financial indicators of profitability, liquidity and business activity play a significant role in explaining the probability of default by Russian manufacturing com­panies. Two definitions (simple and extended) are applied to corporate governance and ownership structure in order to assess their impact on the probability of bankruptcy. One result is that including these indicators increases the predictive power of the models under either definition. A second outcome is that these indicators have a consistent and significant correlation with the probability of bankruptcy when the causes of economic insolvency are examined. However, that significance is not evident for all sub-sectors of manufacturing in models which apply a simple definition of default. Combining ownership with management tends to increase a company’s stability, but extremely large concentrations of share ownership increase the probability of bankruptcy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>банкротство</kwd><kwd>российские компании</kwd><kwd>вероятность дефолта</kwd><kwd>логистическая регрессия</kwd><kwd>корпоративное управление</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Russian companies</kwd><kwd>bankruptcies</kwd><kwd>probability of default</kwd><kwd>logistic regression</kwd><kwd>corporate governance</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения научно-исследовательской работы государственного задания РАНХиГС.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was produced as part of the RANEPA state-commissioned research programme.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Демешев Б. 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