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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecpolicy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5124</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-2658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Economic Policy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18288/1994-5124-2021-6-34-69</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecpolicy-114</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИНАНСОВЫЕ РЫНКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FINANCIAL MARKETS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Капитализация фондового рынка: долгосрочные тренды и факторы развития</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Stock Market Capitalization: Long-Term Trends and Development Factors</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамов</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramov</surname><given-names>Alexander E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Евгеньевич Абрамов — кандидат экономических наук, заведующий лабораторией анализа институтов и финансовых рынков Института прикладных экономических исследований</p><p>117517, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 82</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander E. ABRAMOV, Cand. Sci. (Econ.)</p><p>82, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abramov-ae@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Радыгин</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Radygin</surname><given-names>Alexander D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Дмитриевич Радыгин — доктор экономических наук, профессор, директор Института прикладных экономических исследований</p><p>117517, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 82;</p><p>член совета директоров</p><p>125009, Москва, Газетный пер., 3–5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander D. RADYGIN, Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Professor</p><p>82, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571</p><p>3–5, Gazetnуy per., Moscow, 125009</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arad@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернова</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernova</surname><given-names>Maria I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мария Игоревна Чернова — научный сотрудник лаборатории анализа институтов и финансовых рынков Института прикладных экономических исследований</p><p>117517, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 82</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria I. CHERNOVA</p><p>82, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chernova-mi@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>РАНХиГС</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>РАНХиГС;&#13;
Институт экономической политики им. Е. Т. Гайдара</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration;&#13;
Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Абрамов А.Е., Радыгин А.Д., Чернова М.И., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Абрамов А.Е., Радыгин А.Д., Чернова М.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Abramov A.E., Radygin A.D., Chernova M.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/114">https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/114</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье оценивается динамика показателя доли капитализации в ВВП в 18 развитых странах на временнóм горизонте 1880–2020 годов в качестве индикатора уровня развития фондового рынка. Выявлены три периода устойчивого роста капитализации — в 1880–1913, 1950–1969 и 1980–1999 годах — между длительными переходными периодами стагнации и даже снижения этого показателя. На долгосрочных горизонтах динамика капитализации зависит от ключевых макроэкономических индикаторов и уровня вовлеченности государства в экономику. Принципиальные изменения в моделях капитализма обусловлены прогрессом технологий и методов организации бизнеса, накоплением диспропорций и противоречий в экономике, геополитическими и иными факторами. Рост капитализации в периоды устойчивого развития капитализма объясняется возможностями привлечения компаниями нового капитала путем размещения акций и ростом курсовой стоимости акций. При этом влияние фактора роста курсовой доходности становится преобладающим. С течением времени в рамках исследуемого периода роль страновых различий в объяснении уровня капитализации сокращается при росте значимости унифицированного набора макроэкономических, демографических и финансовых переменных. Факторами, оказывающими положительное влияние на капитализацию на всех исторических этапах, выступают размер ВВП на душу населения и реальная доходность акций. Отрицательное влияние на динамику капитализации выявлено для доли сельских жителей в общей численности населения, а также для доходности государственных ценных бумаг и уровня расходов бюджета, характеризующих степень вовлеченности государства в экономику. Такие факторы, как открытость экономики, демографическая нагрузка на население, инфляция и уровень государственного долга, в разные исторические периоды воздействовали на динамику капитализации разнонаправленно — в зависимости от специфики сочетания тех или иных факторов и условий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article assesses the long-term trends of stock market development measured as the share of capitalization in GDP in 18 developed countries over the time horizon of 1880–2020. We show that there were three periods of stable capitalization growth in 1880–1913, 1950–1969 and 1980–1999 between long transitional periods of stagnation and even decline in this indicator. Over the long-term horizon, capitalization depends on changes in economies and the level of state involvement. Fundamental changes in the models of capitalism are caused by the progress of technologies and methods of organizing business; the accumulation of disproportions and contradictions in the economy; and geopolitical and other factors. The growth of capitalization during periods of sustainable development of capitalism is largely due to the opportunities for companies to attract new capital through share issuance and capital gain. This being the case, the influence of capital gain becomes predominant. It is shown that, over time, the role of country differences in explaining the level of capitalization decreases with an increase in the importance of a unified set of macroeconomic, demographic and financial variables. The factors that have a positive effect on capitalization at all historical stages are the size of GDP per capita and the real return on stocks. The share of rural residents in the total population, as well as the yield of government bonds and the level of budget expenditures, which characterize the degree of state involvement in the economy, had a negative impact on capitalization. Factors such as openness of the economy, demographic burden on the population, inflation and level of public debt had a different effect on capitalization in different historical periods, depending on the combination of certain conditions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рынок акций</kwd><kwd>развитые страны</kwd><kwd>государственный сектор</kwd><kwd>капитализм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>stock market</kwd><kwd>developed countries</kwd><kwd>public sector</kwd><kwd>capitalism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абрамов А. Е. 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