ecpolicyЭкономическая политикаEconomic Policy1994-51242411-2658Economic Policy10.18288/1994-5124-2021-6-94-119ecpolicy-116Research ArticleЧеловеческий капиталHuman CapitalСтоимость статистической жизни: оценки на основе концепции человеческого капиталаThe Value of a Statistical Life: Estimates Based on the Concept of Human CapitalКосякинаА. И.KosyakinaAnastasia I.

Анастасия Игоревна Косякина — младший научный сотрудник лаборатории социально-экономических проблем регулирования, Институт контрольно-надзорной деятельности

119571, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 82

Anastasia I. KOSYAKINA

82, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571

kosyakina-ai@ranepa.ruПономареваЕ. А.PonomarevaEkaterina A.

Екатерина Александровна Пономарева — кандидат экономических наук, заведующий лабораторией социально-экономических проблем регулирования, Институт контрольно-надзорной деятельности

119571, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 82

Ekaterina A. PONOMAREVA, Cand. Sci. (Econ.). Institute for Control and Supervision

82, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571

ponomareva-ea@ranepa.ruРАНХиГСРоссияRussian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Institute for Control and SupervisionRussian FederationРАНХиГСРоссияRussian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public AdministrationRussian Federation20212812202116694119Copyright © Косякина А.И., Пономарева Е.А., 20212021Косякина А.И., Пономарева Е.А.Kosyakina A.I., Ponomareva E.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/116

Несмотря на то что жизнь конкретного человека как таковая не имеет прямой стоимостной оценки, вопросы экономической целесообразности финансирования программ, направленных на снижение рисков для жизни и здоровья индивидов, а также государственного регулирования отдельных рынков для обеспечения безопасности граждан тесно связаны с понятием стоимости статистической жизни. Эта величина отражает готовность индивидов платить за снижение рисков для их жизни и здоровья и используется экономистами преимущественно при анализе выгод — затрат управленческих решений. Наличие системной методики оценки стоимости статистической жизни особенно важно при осуществлении рискориентированного регулирования, одним из основных принципов которого является учет потенциального ущерба как при установлении обязательных требований законодательства, направленных на защиту жизни и здоровья граждан, так и при оценке компенсации нанесенного ущерба в судебной практике. В настоящей статье приводится обзор существующих методологических подходов, позволяющих получить количественную оценку стоимости статистической жизни. С помощью эконометрического анализа данных Росстата о заработных платах и травматизме на предприятиях стоимость статистической жизни в России оценена в 15,8 млн и 26,3 млн руб. в зависимости от используемой спецификации. Представлены альтернативные подходы к определению денежного эквивалента человеческой жизни в России: проводится оценка стоимости жизни с помощью метода недополученных доходов, анализируется информация о размерах компенсаций родственникам погибших, установленных в российском законодательстве. В заключение обсуждаются ограничения использованных методов оценки стоимости жизни, а также проблемные вопросы, связанные с применением полученных в настоящем исследовании количественных оценок при осуществлении государственного регулирования, в том числе в сфере контрольно-надзорной деятельности.

Despite the fact that the life of a particular person does not have a direct cost, the issues of economic feasibility of financing programs aimed at reducing risks to the life and health of individuals, as well as regulation of markets to ensure the safety of citizens, are closely related to the concept of the value of statistical life. This value reflects the willingness of individuals to pay for reducing risks to their own life and health, and is used by economists when analyzing the costs and benefits of policymakers’ decisions. The systematic methodology for calculating the value of statistical life is especially important due to the current transition to risk-oriented regulation, one of the most fundamental principles of which is to take into account potential damage both when establishing mandatory legal requirements aimed at protecting life and health of citizens, and when assessing compensation for damage caused in judicial practice. The article provides an overview of the existing methods of statistical life evaluation. Using an econometric analysis of Rosstat data on wages and fatal injuries, the value of statistical life in Russia was evaluated at 15.8 and 26.3 million rubles, depending on the specification used. The alternative approaches to obtaining the monetary equivalent of human life in Russia are presented: the value of life is calculated using the lost income method; also, information on the monetary compensations for relatives of the victims in Russian legislation is analyzed. The limitations of the above methods of life evaluation are discussed, and so are problematic issues associated with the implementation of the study results in public policy, especially in the field of control and supervisory regulation.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.