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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecpolicy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5124</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-2658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Economic Policy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18288/1994-5124-2021-6-120-139</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecpolicy-117</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Социальная политика</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Social Policy</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Новая методика расчета прожиточного минимума: проблемы теории и практики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>New Methodology for Calculating the Subsistence Minimum: Problems of Theory and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корнейчук</surname><given-names>Б. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korneychuk</surname><given-names>Boris V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борис Васильевич Корнейчук — доктор экономических наук, профессор</p><p>194100, Санкт-Петербург, Кантемировская ул., 3, к. 1а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris V. KORNEYCHUK, Dr. Sci (Econ.), Professor</p><p>3, Kantemirovskaya ul., Saint Petersburg, 194100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bkorneychuk@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>120</fpage><lpage>139</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Корнейчук Б.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Корнейчук Б.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Korneychuk B.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/117">https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/117</self-uri><abstract><p>Переход к новой методике расчета прожиточного минимума и минимального размера оплаты труда на основе медианного дохода вызывает глубокие изменения в государственной системе регулирования доходов и социальной сфере общества. Статья посвящена анализу теоретических, институциональных и практических аспектов этой методики и оценке возможного негативного влияния ее применения на уровень жизни и степень неравенства доходов малообеспеченных семей. Показано, что статистический показатель медианного дохода характеризует степень неравенства доходов среди наименее обеспеченной половины населения, но не способен служить абсолютным измерителем бедности. Выявлены внутренние противоречия новой методики расчета прожиточного минимума, показано ее несоответствие мировой практике определения социальных гарантий. Установлено занижение предусмотренных законом нормативов расчета прожиточного минимума и минимального размера заработной платы как зафиксированных долей медианного дохода. Переход к новой методике имеет долгосрочное негативное последствие: разрушается механизм, обеспечивавший ранее равную реальную оплату за простой труд в разных регионах страны. Проведенное эмпирическое исследование охватывает семнадцать субъектов Федерации. Оно основано на сравнении прежних и новых значений прожиточного минимума и уровня бедности, рассчитанного автором для регионов. Расчет проводился методом линейной экстраполяции на основе официальных данных о распределении численности населения по величине среднедушевых денежных доходов. Результаты исследования показывают, что переход к новой методике вызовет снижение реального прожиточного минимума в регионах с низким уровнем доходов и увеличение межрегиональной дифференциации доходов малообеспеченных семей при парадоксальном снижении формального показателя неравенства. Для преодоления негативных социальных последствий рекомендовано при расчете прожиточного минимума использование максимума из двух показателей, рассчитанных методом потребительской корзины и методом медианного дохода.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the Russian economy, the living wage indicator has traditionally played an important role, since it serves as the basis for calculating the minimum wage, pensions, and social benefits. For a quarter of a century, the cost of living was calculated as the cost of a consumer basket in current prices and was adjusted once every three months. At the end of last year, a law was unexpectedly passed that equates the cost of living with a fixed share of the median income in the region. At the same time, the poverty line was set significantly below the generally accepted level of half the median income. It is shown that the new measuring instrument of the subsistence minimum characterizes inequality in the low-income half of the population but is unable to measure the level of poverty. Therefore, as a result of the application of the new method, the subsistence minimum will significantly decrease in poor regions and increase in rich regions—consequently, inequality in society will increase. It is also shown that the actual rise in inequality will be accompanied by a formal reduction in poverty in the backward regions due to a decrease in the poverty threshold. Another negative consequence of the new methodology will involve growth in income inequality between regions, since the previous method of calculation guaranteed equal real wages for ordinary workers in different regions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>политика регулирования доходов</kwd><kwd>минимальная заработная плата</kwd><kwd>относительная бедность</kwd><kwd>медианный доход</kwd><kwd>межрегиональное неравенство доходов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>income regulation policy</kwd><kwd>minimum wage</kwd><kwd>relative poverty</kwd><kwd>median income</kwd><kwd>interregional income inequality</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аганбегян А. Преодоление бедности и сокращение неравенства по доходам и потреблению в России // ЭКО. 2017. № 9. С. 66–84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aganbegyan A. 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