<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecpolicy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5124</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-2658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Economic Policy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18288/1994-5124-2024-4-84-121</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecpolicy-121</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Социальная ответственность бизнеса</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Corporate Social Responsibility</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Расхождение рейтингов ESG:  международный и российский опыт</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Divergence of ESG Ratings:    International and Russian Experience</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мурач</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Murach</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анастасия Андреевна Мурач, Аналитик проектно-учебной лаборатории управления репутацией в образовании,  Санкт-Петербургская школа социальных наук</p><p>190068, Санкт-Петербург,  наб. канала Грибоедова, 123а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia A. Murach, Analyst, Project and Training Laboratory of Reputation Management in Education, St. Petersburg School of Social Sciences</p><p>123a, nab. kanala Griboedova, St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">amurach@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4102-6966</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сторчевой</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Storchevoy</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максим Анатольевич Сторчевой, Кандидат экономических наук, доцент, Школа экономики и менеджмента</p><p>194100, Санкт-Петербург,  Кантемировская ул., 3а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maxim A. Storchevoy, Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Associate Professor, School of Economics and Management</p><p>3a, Kantemirovskaya ul., St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mstorchevoy@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4786-9374</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сепулведа</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sepulveda</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Магдалена Алехандра Гаете Сепулведа, PhD (Education), заведующий  проектно-учебной лабораторией управления репутацией в образовании, Санкт-Петербургская школа социальных наук</p><p>190068, Санкт-Петербург,  наб. канала Грибоедова, 123а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Magdalena Alejandra Gaete Sepulveda, PhD (Educ.), Head of the Project  and Training Laboratory of Reputation Management in Education, St. Petersburg School of Social Sciences</p><p>123a, nab. kanala Griboedova, St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">magaetesepulveda@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» в Санкт-Петербурге</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>HSE St. Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» в  Санкт-Петербурге</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>HSE St. Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>84</fpage><lpage>121</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мурач А.А., Сторчевой М.А., Сепулведа М., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мурач А.А., Сторчевой М.А., Сепулведа М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Murach A.A., Storchevoy M.A., Sepulveda M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/121">https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/121</self-uri><abstract><p>Рейтинг  ESG  является  важным  индикатором  социальной  ответственности  компаний,  который принимают в  расчет инвесторы и   регулирующие органы. Однако если этот рейтинг рассчитывается  некорректно,  инвесторы  и  регуляторы  будут  принимать  ошибочные  решения, а компании получат ложные ориентиры в  своей деятельности. В  настоящее время существует серьезная методологическая проблема, заключающаяся в том, что рейтинги ESG разных провайдеров для одной компании могут существенным образом различаться. В чем заключаются причины этих различий и насколько критично расхождение рейтингов  — один из самых актуальных вопросов в  современных исследованиях в области ESG. В начале статьи рассмотрены международные  исследования  в  области  расхождения  рейтингов  и  обобщены  полученные результаты. Далее проведен аналогичный анализ для сравнения методологий и  результатов рейтингования трех ведущих российских провайдеров рейтингов ESG  — РСПП, RAEX, НРК — за 2020–2021 годы. Исследование показало, что российские рейтеры в  несколько большей степени  расходятся  в   оценках  компаний  (альфа  Криппендорфа  для  российских  рейтингов равна 0,4, для зарубежных   — 0,55), а  уровень покрытия ESG-компонентов у   них ниже (хотя в  методологии RAEX покрытие приближается к  среднему показателю зарубежных методик). Кроме этого, было проанализировано распределение компаний между разными градациями рейтинга  у  трех  рейтеров  и   предпринята  попытка  объяснить  выявленные  особенности  способом расчета рейтинга и   общей идеологией рейтера. Сравнение средних значений рейтингов по различным отраслям у  разных рейтеров тоже показало отсутствие закономерностей в оценках.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>ESG rating is an important indicator of a company’s social responsibility, which is taken into account by investors and regulators. However, if the ESG rating is calculated incorrectly, investors and regulators will make erroneous decisions and companies will be given improper guidance about how to modify their operations. Currently, there is a serious methodological problem in that ESG ratings from various rating agencies can be significantly different for the same company. Two of the most urgent questions in current ESG research are why these differences come about and how critical the  divergence  of  ratings  is.  First,  the  article  reviews  international  research  on  rating  divergence and summarizes the findings. A similar analysis is then performed to compare the methodologies and rating results of three leading Russian ESG rating providers — RSPP, RAEX, and NRC — for 2020-2021. The results indicate that Russian rating agencies are somewhat more divergent in their assessments of companies than international ones (Krippendorff’s alpha for Russian ratings is 0.4, but for non-Russian ratings it is 0.55), and Russian agencies’ coverage of ESG components is less comprehensive than that of the other rating agencies (although coverage in the RAEX methodology is close to the average of the international equivalents). The article also analyzes the distribution of companies across different gradations of the ratings by the three Russian agencies and attributes the distinctions that emerge to the way the ratings are calculated and the general ideology of the agency. Comparison of average ratings for different industries by different agencies indicates that these ratings are also rather inconsistent.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>устойчивое развитие</kwd><kwd>рейтинговое агентство</kwd><kwd>РСПП</kwd><kwd>RAEX</kwd><kwd>НКР</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sustainable development</kwd><kwd>rating agency</kwd><kwd>RUIE</kwd><kwd>RAEX</kwd><kwd>NCR</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование осуществлено в  рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований НИУ ВШЭ в 2023  году.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study has been carried out as part of the Fundamental Research Program of the National Research  University Higher School of Economics for 2023.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бабаева Ж. Р. ESG ­рейтинги российских нефтегазовых компаний // Вестник ИПБ (Вестник профессиональных бухгалтеров). 2022. № 2. С. 34–40. DOI: 10.51760/23089407_2022_2_34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Babaeva Zh. R. ESG reytingi rossiyskikh neftegazovykh kompaniy [ESG Ratings of Russian Oil and Gas Companies].Vestnik IPB (Vestnik professional’nykh bukhgalterov) [Bulletin of Professional Accountants] , 2022, no. 2, pp. 34 40. DOI: 10.51760/23089407_2022_2_34. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бабаева Ж. Р., Семенов К. К., Семенова А. С. Понятие ESG: обзор литературы // Российский журнал менеджмента. 2024. (В печати)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Babaeva Zh. R., Semenov K. K., Semenova A. S. Ponyatie ESG: obzor literatury [The Concept of ESG: A Literature Review]. Rossiyskiy zhurnal menedzhmenta [Russian Management Journal] , 2024 (forthcoming). (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Буданова А. И. Оценка управления устойчивым развитием компании некоторыми ESG-индексами // Актуальные вопросы экономики и социологии: сборник статей по материалам XVII Осенней конференции молодых ученых в новосибирском Академгородке. Новосибирск: ИЭОПП СО РАН, 2021. С. 14–18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Budanova A.I.Otsenka upravleniya ustoychivym razvitiem kompanii nekotorymi ESG indeksami [Assessing the Management of a Company’s Sustainable Development Using Certain ESG Indices]. In:Aktual’nye voprosy ekonomiki i sotsiologii: sbornik statey po materialam XVII OsenneykonferentsiimolodykhuchenykhvnovosibirskomAkademgorodke[CurrentIssuesin Economics and Sociology: Collection of Articles on the Materials From the XVII Autumn ConferenceofYoungScientistsinNovosibirskAkademgorodok] .Novosibirsk:TheInstituteofEco nomicsandIndustrialEngineeringWithintheSiberianBranchoftheRussianAcademyof Sciences, 2021. P. 1418 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Данилов Ю. А. Формирование долгосрочного доверия в рамках устойчивых финансов // Экономическая политика. 2023. Т. 18. № 5. С. 122–147. DOI: 10.18288/1994­5124-­2023-­5­-122­147</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Danilov Yu.A.Formirovanie dolgosrochnogo doveriya v ramkakh ustoychivykh finansov[Building LongTerm Trust in Sustainable Finance]. Ekonomicheskaya politika [Economic Policy], 2023, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 122147. DOI: 10.18288/1994512420235122147. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Игнатова О. В. ESG-­рейтинги Российского бизнеса // РИСК: Ресурсы, Информация, Снабжение, Конкуренция. 2022. № 1. С. 124–129.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ignatova O.V.ESG reytingirossiyskogobiznesa[ESGRatingsofRussianBusiness].5. RISK: Resursy, Informatsiya, Snabzhenie, Konkurentsiya [RISK: Resources, Information, Supply, Competition],2022, no. 1, pp. 124 129. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каныгин Г. В., Хорева Л. В. Концептуальное моделирование ESG-рейтингов: новый подход к принятию коллективных решений // Международный научно-­исследовательский журнал. 2022. Т. 1–3. № 115. С. 24–29. DOI: 10.23670/IRJ.2022.115.1.074.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanygin G. V., Khoreva L. V. Kontseptual’noe modelirovanie ESGreytingov: novyy podkhodk prinyatiyu kollektivnykh resheniy [Conceptual Modeling of ESG Rating: A New Approach to Collective Decision Making].Mezhdunarodnyy nauchno-issledovatel’skiy zhurnal [International Research Journal] , 2022, vol. 1 3, no. 115, pp. 24 29. DOI: 10.23670/IRJ.2022.115.1.074. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макеева Е. Ю., Попов К. А., Дихтярь А. А., Судакова А. В. Взаимосвязь характеристик совета директоров с ESG ­рейтингами и стоимостью российских компаний // Российский журнал менеджмента. 2022. Т. 20. № 4. С. 498–523. DOI: 10.21638/spbu18.2022.403.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makeeva E.Yu.,Popov K.A.,Dikhtyar A.A.,Sudakova A.V.Vzaimosvyaz’ kharakteristik soveta direktorov s ESG reytingami i stoimost’yu rossiyskikh kompaniy [Correlation Between Characteristics of Boards of Directors With Russian Companies’ ESG Rankings and Value] . Rossiyskiy zhurnal menedzhmenta [Russian Management Journal] , 2022, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 498 523. DOI: 10.21638/spbu18.2022.403. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Овечкин Д. В. Ответственные инвестиции: дивергенция ESG рейтингов // Modern Economy Success. 2021. № 1. С. 170–174.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ovechkin D.V.Otvetstvennye investitsii: divergentsiya ESG reytingov [Responsible In vestments:Divergence of ESG Ratings]. Modern Economy Success,2021,no.1,pp.170 174. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петров В. О., Стариков И. В., Фурщик М. А. Особенности отечественных ESG рейтингов // Бюджет. 2022. T. 4. № 232. С. 70–75.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petrov V.O.,Starikov I.V.,Furshchik M.A.Osobennosti otechestvennykh ESG reytingov [Distinctive Features of Domestic ESG Ratings].Byudzhet[Budget Journal] ,2022,vol.4, no. 232, pp. 7075. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aanestad M., Hamre A. G. Sustainable Investing and ESG Rating Divergence: A Literature Review. Kristiansand: University of Agder, 2023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aanestad  M.,  Hamre  A.  G. Sustainable  Investing  and  ESG  Rating  Divergence:  A  Literature Review. Kristiansand: University of Agder, 2023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abhayawansa S., Tyagi S. Sustainable Investing: Тhe Black Box of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Ratings // Journal of Wealth Management. 2021. No 24(1). P. 49–54. DOI: 10.2139/Ssrn.3777674.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abhayawansa S., Tyagi S. Sustainable Investing: Тhe Black Box of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Ratings // Journal of Wealth Management. 2021. No  24(1). P. 49–54. DOI: 10.2139/Ssrn.3777674.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berg F., Fabisik K., Sautner Z. Rewriting History II: Тhe (Un)Predictable Past of ESG Ra tings // European Corporate Governance Institute — Finance Working Paper. 2020. Vol. 708. No 2020. P. 10–2139.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berg F., Fabisik K., Sautner Z. Rewriting History II: Тhe (Un)Predictable Past of ESG Ra  tings   // European Corporate Governance Institute — Finance Working Paper. 2020. Vol.  708. No 2020. P. 10–2139.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berg F., Jay J., Kölbel J., Rigobon R. The Signal in the Noise // Econpol Forum. 2023. Vol. 24. No 1. P. 23–27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berg F., Jay J., Kölbel J., Rigobon R.  The Signal in the Noise // Econpol Forum. 2023. Vol. 24. No 1. P. 23–27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berg F., Koelbel J. F., Pavlova A., Rigobon R. ESG Confusion and Stock Returns: Tackling the Problem of Noise. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper. 2022a. No W30562. DOI: 10.3386/W30562.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berg F., Koelbel J. F., Pavlova A., Rigobon R. ESG Confusion and Stock Returns: Tackling the Problem of Noise. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper. 2022a. No W30562. DOI: 10.3386/W30562.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berg F., Koelbel J. F., Rigobon R. Aggregate Confusion: Тhe Divergence of ESG Ratings // Review of Finance. 2022b. Vol. 26. No 6. P. 1315–1344. DOI: 10.1093/Rof/Rfac033.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berg F., Koelbel J. F., Rigobon R. Aggregate Confusion: Тhe Divergence of ESG Ratings // Review of Finance. 2022b. Vol. 26. No 6. P. 1315–1344. DOI: 10.1093/Rof/Rfac033.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buchetti B., Arduino F. R. A Systematic Literature Review on Corporate Governance and ESG Research: Trends and Future Directions. SSRN 4513353.2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buchetti B., Arduino F. R. A Systematic Literature Review on Corporate Governance and ESG Research: Trends and Future Directions. SSRN 4513353.2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Capizzi V., Gioia E., Giudici G., Tenca F. The Divergence of ESG Ratings: An Analysis of Italian Listed Companies // Journal of Financial Management, Markets and Institutions. 2021. Vol. 9. No 2. P. 1–21. DOI: 10.1142/S2282717X21500067.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Capizzi V., Gioia E., Giudici G., Tenca F. The Divergence of ESG Ratings: An Analysis of Italian Listed Companies // Journal of Financial Management, Markets and Institutions. 2021. Vol. 9. No 2. P. 1–21. DOI: 10.1142/S2282717X21500067.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chatterji A. K., Durand R., Levine D. I., Touboul S. Do Ratings of Firms Converge? Implications for Managers, Investors and Strategy Researchers // Strategic Management Journal. 2016. Vol. 37. No 8. P. 1597–1614. DOI: 10.1002/Smj.2407.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chatterji A. K., Durand R., Levine D. I., Touboul S. Do Ratings of Firms Converge? Implications for Managers, Investors and Strategy Researchers // Strategic Management Journal. 2016. Vol. 37. No 8. P. 1597–1614. DOI: 10.1002/Smj.2407.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choi J., Kim H. The Analysis of ESG Ratings Between Korean and Global Agencies From the Sectoral Perspective // 한국혁신학회지 [Journal of the Korean Society for Innovation]. 2023. Vol. 18. No 3. P. 135–159. DOI: 10.46251/INNOS.2023.8.18.3.135.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choi J., Kim H. The Analysis of ESG Ratings Between Korean and Global Agencies From the Sectoral Perspective // 한국혁신학회지 [Journal of the Korean Society for Innovation]. 2023. Vol. 18. No 3. P. 135–159. DOI: 10.46251/INNOS.2023.8.18.3.135.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Croux C., Dehon C. Influence Functions of the Spearman and Kendall Correlation Measures // Statistical Methods &amp; Applications. 2010. No 19. P. 497–515. DOI: 10.1007/S102600100142Z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Croux C., Dehon C. Influence Functions of the Spearman and Kendall Correlation Measures  // Statistical  Methods  &amp;  Applications.  2010.  No  19.  P.  497–515.  DOI: 10.1007/S102600100142Z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diez-Cañamero B., Bishara T., Otegi-Olaso J. R., Minguez R., Fernández J. M. Measurement of Corporate Social Responsibility: A Review of Corporate Sustainability Indexes, Rankings and Ratings // Sustainability. 2020. Vol. 12. No 5. 2153. P. 1–36. DOI: 10.3390/Su12052153</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diez-Cañamero B., Bishara T., Otegi-Olaso J. R., Minguez R., Fernández J. M. Measurement of Corporate Social Responsibility: A Review of Corporate Sustainability Indexes, Rankings and Ratings // Sustainability. 2020. Vol. 12. No 5. 2153. P. 1–36. DOI: 10.3390/Su12052153</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kacanski S., Dreyer J. K., Sund K. J. (eds.). Measuring Sustainability and CSR: From Reporting to Decision Making. Springer, 2023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kacanski S., Dreyer J. K., Sund K. J. (eds.). Measuring Sustainability and CSR: From Reporting to Decision Making. Springer, 2023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lucarelli C., Severini S. Anatomy of the Chimera: Environmental, Social, and Governance Ratings Beyond the Myth // Business Strategy and the Environment. 2024. January. P. 1–20. DOI: 10.1002/Bse.3688.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lucarelli C., Severini S. Anatomy of the Chimera: Environmental, Social, and Governance Ratings Beyond the Myth // Business Strategy and the Environment. 2024. January. P. 1–20. DOI: 10.1002/Bse.3688.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rablen M. D. Divergence in Credit Ratings // Finance Research Letters. 2013. Vol. 10. No 1. P. 12–16. DOI: 10.1016/J.Frl.2012.11.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rablen M. D. Divergence in Credit Ratings // Finance Research Letters. 2013. Vol. 10. No 1. P.  12–16. DOI: 10.1016/J.Frl.2012.11.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saini M., Vaibhav A., Barkha D., Pankaj K., Mahender Y. ESG and Financial Variables: A Sys tematic Review // International Journal of Law and Management. 2023. Vol. 65. No 6. P. 663–682. DOI: 10.1108/IJLMA0220230033.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saini M., Vaibhav A., Barkha D., Pankaj K., Mahender Y. ESG and Financial Variables: A   Sys tematic Review // International Journal of Law and Management. 2023. Vol. 65. No 6. P. 663–682. DOI: 10.1108/IJLMA0220230033.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scoring Against ESG? Avoiding the Pitfalls of ESG Scores in Portfolio Construction. Scientific Beta White Paper. December. 2020. https://www.scientificbeta.com/factor/download/file/scoring-against-esg-avoiding-pitfalls-esg-scores.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scoring  Against  ESG?  Avoiding  the  Pitfalls  of  ESG  Scores  in  Portfolio  Construction.  Scientific Beta White Paper. December. 2020.  https://www.scientificbeta.com/factor/download/file/scoring-against-esg-avoiding-pitfalls-esg-scores.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">White L. J. Markets: The Credit Rating Agencies // Journal of Economic Perspectives. 2010. Vol. 24. No 2. P. 211–226. DOI: 10.1257/Jep.24.2.211.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">White  L.  J. Markets:  The  Credit  Rating  Agencies  //  Journal  of  Economic  Perspectives.  2010. Vol. 24. No 2. P. 211–226. DOI: 10.1257/Jep.24.2.211.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Widyawati L. A Systematic Literature Review of Socially Responsible Investment and Environmental Social Governance Metrics // Business Strategy and the Environment. 2020. Vol. 29. No 2. P. 619–637. DOI: 10.1002/Bse.2393.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Widyawati L. A Systematic Literature Review of Socially Responsible Investment and Environmental Social Governance Metrics // Business Strategy and the Environment. 2020. Vol.  29. No 2. P. 619–637. DOI: 10.1002/Bse.2393.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xiao X., Liu X., Liu J. ESG Rating Dispersion and Expected Stock Return in China // Emerging Markets Finance and Trade. 2023. Vol. 59. No 11. P. 3422–3437. DOI: 10.1080/1540496X.2023.2223933.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xiao X., Liu X., Liu J. ESG Rating Dispersion and Expected Stock Return in China   // Emerging Markets Finance and Trade. 2023. Vol. 59. No 11. P. 3422–3437. DOI: 10.1080/1540496X.2023.2223933.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu Y., Yang H., Zhong M. Do ESG Ratings of Chinese Firms Converge оr Diverge? A Comparative Analysis Based on Multiple Domestic and International Ratings // Sustainability. 2023. Vol. 15. No 16. 12573. DOI: 10.3390/Su151612573</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu Y., Yang H., Zhong M. Do ESG Ratings of Chinese Firms Converge оr Diverge? A Comparative  Analysis  Based  on  Multiple  Domestic  and  International  Ratings  //  Sustainability. 2023. Vol. 15. No 16. 12573. DOI: 10.3390/Su151612573</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
