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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecpolicy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5124</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-2658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Economic Policy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18288/1994-5124-2025-1-30-55</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecpolicy-254</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИНАНСОВЫЕ РЫНКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FINANCIAL MARKETS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Риск синхронного падения как ключевой фактор доходности криптовалют</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Downside Market Risk: A Key Determinant of Cryptocurrency Returns</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7067-6844</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кусляйкин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kusliaikin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Владимирович Кусляйкин, Аспирант</p><p>109028, Москва, Покровский бул., 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr V. Kusliaikin, Post-graduate student</p><p>а 11, Pokrovskiy bul., Moscow, 109028</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avkuslyaykin@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет&#13;
«Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кусляйкин А.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кусляйкин А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kusliaikin A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/254">https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/254</self-uri><abstract><p>Какую роль в формировании доходности криптовалют играет фактор риска синхронного падения — обесценения отдельных криптовалют и портфелей при падении рынка в целом? Ответу на этот вопрос посвящена настоящая работа. Исследование строится на недельных данных за 2014–2018 годы и охватывает свыше 900 криптовалют. Эмпирическая часть содержит регрессионный анализ, рассматривающий сразу три подхода к измерению систематического риска криптовалют, соответствующих различным положениям криптоактивов в портфелях инвесторов. В рамках этого оцениваются индивидуальные коэффициенты чувствительности криптовалют к рискам, строятся факторные портфели и тестируются портфельные стратегии, проводится кросс-секционный анализ с определением значимых риск-премий — всего более 315 тысяч регрессионных итераций. В результате выявлено, что криптоактивы очень чувствительны к риску обвала на рынке криптовалют, но нечувствительны к происходящему на рынке акций, а также на рынках, относящихся к альтернативным инвестициям, сохраняя свою автономность. Более подверженные риску синхронного падения инструменты в среднем являются более доходными, причем данная закономерность обнаруживается как на уровне отдельных инструментов, так и на уровне крупных портфелей криптовалют и не может быть отнесена к ненаблюдаемым факторам. Усредненная премия за риск синхронного падения составила 1,3% в неделю и оказалась ключевым компонентом доходностей криптовалют. Таким образом, высокие доходности криптоактивов являются лишь компенсацией за соответствующие высокие риски синхронного падения. Одновременно в исследовании подтверждается значимость факторов SMB и WML, отражающих надбавки за риски малой капитализации и высоких прошлых доходностей соответственно, для доходностей криптоактивов и предлагается трехфакторная модель, успешно объясняющая более 50% кросс-секционных доходностей криптовалют, превосходя уже представленные в литературе модели. Полученные результаты могут применяться в рамках дальнейших теоретических исследований, посвященных доходностям криптовалют, и в ходе управления инвестициями в криптовалюты портфельными менеджерами и индивидуальными инвесторами. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper is one of the first studies to investigate how downside market risk affects cryptocurrency returns. Based on weekly data for more than 900 cryptocurrencies from 2014 to 2018, downside market risk is considered in three different forms as it arises in the cryptocurrency market, the aggregate alternative investment market, and the stock market. The empirical part of the study employs regression analysis applied to each of three definitions of market risk. First, individual cryptocurrency betas are obtained with a rolling window approach. Second, factor portfolios are constructed based on individual betas to test factor strategies. Third, cross-sectional analysis is used to estimate risk premiums. The conclusion is that cryptocurrency returns are very sensitive to cryptocurrency market drops and insensitive to the dynamics of other financial assets. Downside market risk has a positive and significant effect on cryptocurrency returns, a result which is valid for both individual-instrument and portfolio investment. However, the effects of downside market risk for cryptocurrencies are not offset by any other risk factors, and the key conclusion to be drawn is that high cryptocurrency returns are fair compensation for elevated downside risk. A three-factor model that incorporates a downside market risk factor along with SMB and WML factors was the most useful of those considered, as it explained more than half of cross-sectional returns and surpassed other established models. These results may be useful for daily cryptocurrency trading as well as for further study of cryptocurrency returns. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>альтернативные инвестиции</kwd><kwd>диверсификация</kwd><kwd>криптоактивы</kwd><kwd>рыночный риск</kwd><kwd>факторные модели</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>alternative investments</kwd><kwd>cryptoassets</kwd><kwd>diversification</kwd><kwd>market risk</kwd><kwd>multifactor models</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abbas Q., Ayub U., Sargana S.M., Saeed S.K. From Regular-Beta CAPM to Downside-Beta CAPM. European Journal of Social Sciences, 2011, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 189-203.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abbas Q., Ayub U., Sargana S.M., Saeed S.K. From Regular-Beta CAPM to Downside-Beta CAPM. 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