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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecpolicy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5124</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-2658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Economic Policy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18288/1994-5124-2023-3-46-81</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecpolicy-30</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Отраслевая экономика</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Sectoral Economics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>От иерархий до рынков: путь электроэнергетики к благосостоянию потребителя</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>From Hierarchies to Markets: The Electric Power Industry’s Path to Consumer Welfare</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3533-1147</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коломиец</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolomiyets</surname><given-names>Aleksandra R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александра Романовна Коломиец, Аспирант, ведущий экономист научного отдела экономического факультета,</p><p>119991, Москва, Ленинские Горы, 1, стр. 46.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandra R. Kolomiyets, Graduate Student, Lead Economist at the Faculty of Economics,</p><p>1, str. 46, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kolomiec@econ.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2155-9837</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федоров</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>Sergey I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Игоревич Федоров, Аспирант, ассистент кафедры конкурентной и промышленной политики экономического факультета,</p><p>119991, Москва, Ленинские Горы, 1, стр. 46.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey I. Fedorov, Graduate Student, Assistant to the Chair of Competition and Industrial Policy at Faculty of Economics,</p><p>1, str. 46, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fedoroffsi@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГУ им. М. В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Коломиец А.Р., Федоров С.И., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коломиец А.Р., Федоров С.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kolomiyets A.R., Fedorov S.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/30">https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/30</self-uri><abstract><p>Энергетические кризисы 2021–2022 годов в США и ЕС показали, что технологическая и институциональная трансформация может иметь негативные последствия для электроэнергетики, вызывая перебои в электроснабжении и резкие колебания рыночной конъюнктуры. В связи с этим мы попытались выяснить, какова роль институтов в преодолении проблем внутриотраслевой координации. Проведя кластеризацию дискретных альтернатив институциональной организации электроэнергетической отрасли в разных странах мира на данных ОЭСР методом Уорда, мы пришли к выводам о влиянии не только экономико-технологических факторов на выбор модели регулирования в электроэнергетике, но и факторов, связанных с характеристиками социальных порядков (по Дугласу Норту и др.). В работе выявлена следующая тенденция: в странах с порядками ограниченного доступа чаще применяется регуляторная модель, а в порядках открытого доступа — рыночная саморегуляция. Более того, по итогам сопоставления результатов кластеризации с динамикой инвестиций в отрасли и ценами на электроэнергию мы пришли к выводу о значительной связи этих показателей с характеристиками институциональной среды. В частности, мы обнаружили, что наибольшие объемы инвестиций в повышение энергетической эффективности имеют место при такой политике в отношении регулирования цен, которую можно назвать «Laissez-faire с регуляциями для крупных игроков». Таким образом, при выборе механизмов координации в отрасли для обеспечения стабильных цен на электроснабжение и создания стимулов к инвестициям необходимо учитывать и экономико-технологические факторы, и действующий в стране социальный порядок.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The energy crises during 2021 and 2022 in the USA and EU have shown that technological transformation can have negative consequences for the electric power industry by causing power outages and sharp fluctuations in market prices. This prompted the authors to determine the role of institutions in overcoming problems in intra-sectoral coordination. After clustering the electric power industry’s alternatives for institutional organization in different countries using OECD data and Ward's method, the conclusion is that, in addition to economic and technological factors, the characteristics of social orders (as outlined by D. North et al.) influence the choice of a regulatory model. Moreover, after comparing the results of clustering with the dynamics of investment in the industry and of electricity prices, the authors maintain that these factors are significantly correlated with institutional organization. Therefore, management alternatives for ensuring stable electricity prices and incentives for investment in the industry should take into account not only economic and technological factors but also the social order established in the country.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электроэнергетика</kwd><kwd>механизмы управления транзакциями</kwd><kwd>социальный порядок</kwd><kwd>кластеризация</kwd><kwd>общественная эффективность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>electric power industry</kwd><kwd>transactions governance mechanisms</kwd><kwd>social order</kwd><kwd>clustering</kwd><kwd>public efficiency</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андреева А. А., Ионкина К. А., Санишвили Т. Т. Эмпирический подход к сравнению социальных порядков // Научные исследования экономического факультета. 2017. № 2. 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