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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecpolicy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5124</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-2658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Economic Policy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18288/1994-5124-2025-2-56-81</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecpolicy-308</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Антимонопольное регулирование</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Antimonopoly Regulations</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Риски внедрения ГИС «Антикартель»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Risks From Introducing the Anticartel Government IT System</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6713-069X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаститко</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shastitko</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Евгеньевич Шаститко, Доктор экономических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой конкурентной и промышленной политики экономического факультета, директор Центра исследований конкуренции и экономического регулирования</p><p>119234, Москва, Ленинские Горы, 1, стр. 46</p><p>119571, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 82</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey E. Shastitko, Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Professor, Faculty Head, Department of Competition and Industrial Policy, Economics Faculty; Director of the Center for Research in Competition and Economic Regulation</p><p>1–46, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119234 </p><p>82, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aes99@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9416-4086</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Сергеевна Павлова, Кандидат экономических наук, старший научный сотрудник кафедры конкурентной и промышленной политики экономического факультета; старший научный сотрудник Центра исследований конкуренции и экономического регулирования</p><p>119234, Москва, Ленинские Горы, 1, стр. 46</p><p>119571, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 82</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia S. Pavlova, Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Senior Researcher, Department of Competition and Industrial Policy, Economics Faculty; Senior Researcher, Centerfor Research in Competition and Economic</p><p>1–46, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119234 </p><p>82, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pavl.ns@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГУ им. М. В. Ломоносова ; Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University ; RANEPA</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова ; Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University ; RANEPA</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шаститко А.Е., Павлова Н.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шаститко А.Е., Павлова Н.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shastitko A.E., Pavlova N.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/308">https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/308</self-uri><abstract><p>Настоящая статья посвящена попытке ex ante оценить риски внедрения государственной информационной системы (ГИС) «Антикартель», подразумевающей автоматизированный скрининг закупок в России на предмет выявления признаков сговора, иными словами – использование программных средств для анализа данных о закупках с помощью алгоритмов, которые выявляют сговор по определенным формальным признакам. Эта система, в частности, предполагает использование технологий искусственного интеллекта. Сложность оценки заключается в отсутствии общедоступной информации о конкретных критериях, которые будут использоваться в этой системе скрининга. Недоступность информации объясняется необходимостью ограничить возможности стратегической подстройки со стороны нарушителей, однако заставляет экспертов «восстанавливать слона по его хвосту». В статье предпринята попытка реконструировать принципы работы ГИС «Антикартель» на основе внешних источников: публичных выступлений представителей ФАС России, а также технического задания, разработанного для конкурсной процедуры по разработке и внедрению системы. На основании предполагаемого содержания принципов и критериев работы ГИС «Антикартель» предложены ключевые вопросы для анализа в рамках процедуры «усеченной» оценки регулирующего воздействия, которая уже не подразумевает возможности отказа от регуляторной опции в принципе, но позволяет структурировать обсуждение рисков создания системы, сопутствующих выгод и издержек разных вариантов ее реализации. Показано, что ключевые риски связаны с вероятностью ошибок I рода в правоприменении и масштабами их последствий, усугубляемых распространением применения системы автоматизированного скрининга на всю массу регулируемых закупок и использованием искусственного интеллекта. Объяснены основные последствия ошибок данного вида и механизмы их возникновения в случае ГИС «Антикартель», исходя из реконструированных принципов работы. Дополнительно обозначены некоторые риски использования цифровых инструментов выявления сговоров на товарных рынках.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper provides an ex ante assessment of risks incurred by developing and implementing the Anticartel state information system (GIS), which will conduct automated screening of Russia’s state procurement in order to detect bid rigging (in other words, software analysis of procurement data using algorithms that identify collusion based on certain formal characteristics). The system will also apply artificial intelligence. Determining the risks of implementing this system is difficult because there is no publicly available information on the specific criteria that will be used in this screening process. This forces specialists to make do with partial data. This paper attempts to reconstruct the operating principles of the Anticartel GIS from external sources including public speeches by representatives of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia together with the technical specifications provided to developers entering the competition to build and implement the system. Key questions prompted by examining Anticartel’s reconstructed features are put forward in order to facilitate analysis during an “expedited” regulatory impact assessment based on the assumption that the decision to employ such a digital screening system is irreversible. The questions and analysis will structure discussion of the risks, associated benefits, and costs of different options for implementation. The principal risks result from probable Type I errors in law enforcement and from the extent of their consequences, which will be amplified as the automated screening system rolls out to include the entire body of regulated procurement, as well as by the use of artificial intelligence. The main consequences of this type of error and how it would arise are explained in the article. In addition, certain risks from using digital tools for identifying collusion especially in commodity markets are identified.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>картели</kwd><kwd>согласованные действия</kwd><kwd>сговор на торгах</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>ошибки I и II рода в правоприменении</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>collusion</kwd><kwd>concerted actions</kwd><kwd>bid rigging</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>type I and type II enforcement errors</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения научно-исследовательской работы государственного задания РАНХиГС. Материалы статьи легли в основу доклада на VIII Международной научно-практической конференции «Современное антимонопольное регулирование экономики: инструменты совершенствования законодательства» 31 января 2025 года в Санкт-Петербурге, в рамках которого также обсуждались некоторые смежные вопросы. С записью можно ознакомиться по ссылке: https://rutube.ru/video/a37625a986ca84ca281e1d3815e309f8/.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This article has been prepared as part of the state assignment by the Karelian Research Center RAS on the topic of “Comprehensive research and development of the fundamentals for sustainable development management of the northern and border zones of Russia in the context of global challenges.” A presentation entitled “Current Antimonopoly Regulation: Ways to Improve Legislation” at the Seventh International Scientific and Practical Conference held in St. Petersburg on 31 January 2025 was based on materials from this article. Some related issues also came under discussion at the conference, and a video recording of it can be accessed at: https://rutube.ru/video/a37625a986ca84ca281e1d3815e309f8/.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авдашева С. Б., Кокорев Р. А., Крючкова П. В., Плаксин С. М., Шаститко А. Е. Использование оценок регулирующего воздействия для совершенствования корпоративного законодательства. М.: ТЕИС, 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avdasheva S. B., Kokorev R. A., Kryuchkova P. V., Plaksin S. M., Shastitko A. E. Ispol’zovanie otsenok reguliruyushchego vozdeystviya dlya sovershenstvovaniya korporativnogo zakonodatel’stva [Using Regulatory Impact Assessment For Improving Corporate Law]. Moscow, TEIS, 2006. 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