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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecpolicy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5124</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-2658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Economic Policy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18288/1994-5124-2023-3-136-163</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecpolicy-33</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Малый и средний бизнес</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Small and Medium-Sized Businesses</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Самозанятые в России: развитие сферы МСП или движение к «гаражной экономике»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Self-Employment in Russia: The Development of the SME Sector or the “Garage Economy” Trend</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9596-4683</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баринова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barinova</surname><given-names>Vera A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вера Александровна Баринова, Кандидат экономических наук, заведующий Лабораторией исследований проблем устойчивого развития ИПЭИ,</p><p>119571, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 82, стр. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vera A. Barinova, Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Head of the International Laboratory for Sustainable Development Research at the Institute of Applied Economic Research,</p><p>84, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">barinova-va@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9204-0362</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Царева</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsareva</surname><given-names>Yulia V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Викторовна Царева, Научный сотрудник Института прикладных экономических исследований,</p><p>119571, Москва, Пречистенская наб., 11, стр. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia V. Tsareva, Junior researcher, International Laboratory for Sustainable Development Research at the Institute of Applied Economic Research,</p><p>84, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tsareva-yv@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шестоперов</surname><given-names>Алексей Михайлович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shestoperov</surname><given-names>Aleksey M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Михайлович Шестоперов, Кандидат экономических наук, руководитель Дирекции организации правовой поддержки субъектов МСП,</p><p>109074, Москва, Славянская пл., 4, стр. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey M. Shestoperov, Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Head of the Directorate for Legal Support of SMEs,</p><p>4, str. 1, Slavyanskaya pl., Moscow, 109074.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chestal@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>РАНХиГС</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «Корпорация “МСП”»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Small and Medium Business Corporation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>136</fpage><lpage>163</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Баринова В.А., Царева Ю.В., Шестоперов А.М., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Баринова В.А., Царева Ю.В., Шестоперов А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Barinova V.A., Tsareva Y.V., Shestoperov A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/33">https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/33</self-uri><abstract><p>Эксперимент по легализации самозанятости проводится в России уже более трех лет. К середине 2022 года число официально зарегистрированных самозанятых превысило 5 млн. Они учитываются при подсчете численности занятых в сфере малого и среднего предпринимательства — целевого показателя одной из национальных целей, определенных Президентом Российской Федерации. Вместе с тем прирост самозанятых может не отражать качественного развития сферы МСП, а, наоборот, частично маскировать снижение основных показателей. Цель статьи — проследить основные тенденции развития и факторы самозанятости в регионах России, включая возможный отток граждан из МСП в категорию самозанятых. В статье на основе эконометрической модели проводится оценка основных факторов, обуславливающих развитие самозанятости в регионах России: ВРП на душу населения, средней заработной платы, уровня безработицы, структуры экономики, человеческого капитала. По результатам расчетов выявлено, что уровень самозанятости в регионах коррелирует с негативными факторами: низкими ВРП и средней заработной платой, более высоким уровнем безработицы, низким качеством человеческого капитала, менее развитой промышленностью. Рост самозанятости не сопровождается качественным развитием сферы МСП. Анализ тенденций в сфере самозанятости показал, что в основе роста числа самозанятых лежит, скорее всего, легализация ранее работавших в тени граждан и микробизнесов — в кризисных условиях она дает предпринимателям шанс выжить, сохранив уровень дохода. В статье предлагаются меры поддержки формальной занятости в сфере МCП, которые позволят самозанятым заложить основы для создания перспективных бизнесов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Russia’s experiment with legalization of self-employment has gone on for more than three years. The number of persons officially registered as self-employed exceeded five million by mid-2022, and they have been included in the employment statistics for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which are a target indicator for one of the national goals defined by the President of the Russian Federation. However, the increase in self-employment may not indicate a qualitative advance in the SME sector but may instead partially conceal a decline in the main indicators. The purpose of this article is to trace the principal trends and factors in the development of self-employment in Russia’s various regions, including a possible exodus of workers from SMEs to self-employment. Based on an econometric model, the article analyses the main factors that determine the development of self-employment in Russia’s regions: GRP per capita, average salary, unemployment, the economic structure, and human capital. The results indicate that self-employment in the regions is correlated with such negative economic factors as low salaries and GRP per capita, high unemployment, low-quality human capital, and less industrial productivity in the regional economy. The growth of self-employment is not accompanied by a qualitative advance in the SME sector. Analysis of current development trends for Russia’s SME sector has shown that the growth in selfemployment is due mostly to legalization of micro-businesses. During a crisis, self-employment becomes a way for entrepreneurs to maintain their income. The article proposes measures for supporting formal employment in the SME sector in order to help the self-employed create promising businesses. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>малое и среднее предпринимательство</kwd><kwd>самозанятость</kwd><kwd>государственная поддержка</kwd><kwd>налог на профессиональный доход</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>small and medium-sized entrepreneurship</kwd><kwd>self-employment</kwd><kwd>state support</kwd><kwd>professional income tax</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 21-78-10020.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by Grant No 21-78-10020 from the Russian Science Foundation.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баринова В., Сорокина А., Шестоперов А. 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