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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecpolicy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5124</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-2658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Economic Policy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18288/1994-5124-2023-1-8-33</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecpolicy-34</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экономика здравоохранения</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Healthcare Economics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эволюция и перспективы системы обязательного медицинского страхования в России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evolution and Prospects of Compulsory Health Insurance in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-3277</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шишкин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shishkin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Владимирович Шишкин, доктор экономических наук, директор Центра</p><p>Центр политики в сфере здравоохранения</p><p>101000; Мясницкая ул., 20; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Shishkin, Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Director of the Centre</p><p>Centre for Health Policy</p><p>101000; 20, Myasnitskaya ul.; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shishkin@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of&#13;
Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шишкин С.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шишкин С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shishkin S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/34">https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/34</self-uri><abstract><p>   В работе проводится анализ трансформации российской системы обязательного медицинского страхования (ОМС) за тридцать лет ее существования. Рассматриваются изменения в используемых механизмах государственного, общественного и рыночного регулирования для выполнения трех основных функций системы финансирования здравоохранения: формирования финансовых средств, объединения и распределения финансовых средств, покупки/оплаты медицинской помощи. Эти изменения анализируются как институциональные ответы на вызовы стабильному и эффективному функционированию системы финансирования здравоохранения. Российская система ОМС прошла путь от попытки ее создания на основе сочетания механизмов государственного, общественного и рыночного регулирования к почти полному доминированию первых. Изначально продекларированное создание конкурентной модели ОМС столкнулось с практическими трудностями в условиях несформированности рыночных институтов в экономике в целом и небольшого по времени окна возможностей для проведения рыночных реформ. Это обусловило изменение дизайна модели ОМС, замену институтов общественного и рыночного регулирования институтами государственного регулирования. Все последующие годы в политике государства по отношению к системе ОМС доминировала линия на усиление централизованного государственного регулирования. Развитие российской системы ОМС в будущем потребует разрешения ключевого институционального противоречия ее дизайна, и дилемма состоит в следующем: (а) продолжить замещение остающихся рыночных и общественных механизмов регулирования административным и за счет его инструментов обеспечить повышение устойчивости и эффективности ОМС или (б) пытаться развить рыночные и общественные механизмы в системе ОМС и, в частности, повысить роль страховых медицинских организаций и тем самым усилить их влияние на эффективность ее функционирования. В зависимости от выбора можно говорить о двух возможных сценариях дальнейшего развития ОМС в России.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   The paper analyzes the transformation in Russian compulsory health insurance (CHI) over the thirty years of its existence and highlights the changes in the mechanisms of state, societal and market regulation used to perform the three main functions of the healthcare financing system: i) collection of financial resources, ii) pooling and allocation of financial resources, iii) purchasing of medical care. These changes are interpreted as institutional responses to challenges in making healthcare financing operate in a stable and efficient way. The Russian CHI system has evolved from an attempt to base it on a combination of state, societal and market regulation into almost complete dominance by the state. The initially heralded creation of a competitive CHI model succumbed to practical obstacles such as the lack of market institutions in the overall economy and the time-restricted window of opportunity for implementing market reforms. This led to modifications in the design of the CHI model and to replacement of regulation by societal and market institutions with regulation by state institutions. From that point on, the government policy toward CHI has been aimed at strengthening centralized state regulation of the CHI system. The future development of the Russian CHI system will require resolving this key institutional contradiction in its design. The choices are: a) continue replacing the remaining market and societal regulatory mechanisms with administrative regulation and using the tools of the latter to ensure more sustainability and efficiency in the CHI system; or b) try strengthening market and societal regulation of the CHI system, and especially the role of health insurers, and thereby increase their impact on the effectiveness CHI. These two alternatives point to two possible scenarios for the future implementation of CHI in Russia.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>здравоохранение</kwd><kwd>финансирование здравоохранения</kwd><kwd>ОМС</kwd><kwd>конкурентная модель</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>health care</kwd><kwd>health care financing system</kwd><kwd>CHI</kwd><kwd>competitive model</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">В статье представлены результаты исследования, выполненного в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This article was produced as part of a research project implemented under the Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Герасименко Н. 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