<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecpolicy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5124</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-2658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Economic Policy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18288/1994-5124-2023-1-34-53</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecpolicy-35</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экономика здравоохранения</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Healthcare Economics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экономические детерминанты смертности от болезней органов пищеварения в России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic Determinants of Mortality From Diseases of the Digestive System in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9939-2654</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коссова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kossova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Владимировна Коссова, кандидат экономических наук, доцент</p><p>факультет экономических наук; департамент прикладной экономики</p><p>101000; Мясницкая ул., 20); Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana V. Kossova, Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Associate Professor</p><p>Faculty of Economic Sciences; Department of Applied Economics</p><p>101000; 20, Myasnitskaya ul.; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tkossova@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет&#13;
«Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>HSE University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Коссова Т.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коссова Т.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kossova T.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/35">https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/35</self-uri><abstract><p>   Смертность от болезней органов пищеварения в России на протяжении последних тридцати лет демонстрирует наиболее неблагополучную динамику по сравнению с другими причинами смерти, что увеличивает вклад этой составляющей в торможение роста показателя ожидаемой продолжительности жизни населения. В настоящее время болезни органов пищеварения занимают четвертое место в структуре причин смертности у мужчин и третье — у женщин, уступая только болезням органов кровообращения и новообразованиям. При этом в последние десятилетия увеличиваются межрегиональные различия в показателях смертности от болезней органов пищеварения. Наиболее сильно это стало заметно после 2005 года, когда в некоторых регионах наметилось снижение смертности от болезней органов пищеварения, а в остальных ситуация продолжала ухудшаться.</p><p>   Целью настоящей работы является анализ экономических факторов межрегиональных различий смертности от болезней органов пиoеварения.</p><p>   В работе проверяется гипотеза о существенной роли экономических факторов и характеристик питания в объяснении межрегиональных различий исследуемого показателя смертности. Анализ проводился на данных Федеральной службы государственной статистики с помощью метода панельной регрессии с фиксированными эффектами. Показано, что смертность от болезней органов пищеварения положительно связана со среднедушевым потреблением абсолютного алкоголя и отрицательно — со среднедушевым потреблением молока. Также была выявлена положительная связь с долей городского населения и такой характеристикой благосостояния, как площадь жилых помещений на одного жителя. Полученные результаты представляют интерес для лиц, определяющих политику в сфере здравоохранения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Mortality in Russia from diseases of the digestive system has grown more rapidly over the past thirty years than from other causes of death, and digestive system diseases have become an increasing factor inhibiting longer life expectancy at birth. Mortality from digestive diseases currently ranks fourth as a cause of death for men and third for women, falling behind only mortality from cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms. Interregional differences in mortality from diseases of the digestive system have been increasing over recent decades. The most pronounced interregionaldifferences appeared after 2005 as mortality from digestive system diseases decreased in several regions, while the trend in most other regions continued to worsen.</p><p>   This article attempts to identify the economic factors determining interregional differences in mortality from diseases of the digestive system.</p><p>   The hypothesishat  teconomic and nutritional factors are significant in explaining those interregional differences is evaluated in the article. The Federal State Statistics Service of Russia is the source of the database for the article’s econometric analysis, which uses the method of estimation by a regression panel model with fixed effects. The resulting estimates indicate that mortality from digestive diseases is positively correlated with average per capita alcohol consumption and negatively correlated with per capita milk consumption. There are also positive effects on mortality from such characteristics of general well-being as increased area of living quarters per inhabitant and a higher proportion of urban residents. These findings are pertinent for devising health policies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>динамика смертности</kwd><kwd>Россия</kwd><kwd>межрегиональные различия смертности</kwd><kwd>здравоохранение в регионах</kwd><kwd>потребление алкоголя</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dynamics of mortality</kwd><kwd>Russia</kwd><kwd>interregional differences in mortality</kwd><kwd>healthcare in the regions</kwd><kwd>alcohol consumption</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This article was produced as part of a research project under the Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Камруззаман С. Организационные и социально-экономические факторы, влияющие на преждевременную смертность от болезней органов пищеварения // Социальные аспекты здоровья населения. 2011. № 2(18). C. 20. http://vestnik.mednet.ru/content/view/296/30/lang,ru/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Camruzzaman S. Organizatsionnye i sotsial’no-ekonomicheskie faktory, vliyayushchie na prezhdevremennuyu smertost’ ot bolezney organov pishchevareniya [Organizational and Socio-Economic Factors Influencing Premature Mortality From Diseases of the Digestive System]. Sotsial’nye aspekty zdorov’ya naseleniya [Social Aspects of Public Health], 2011, no. 2(18), p. 20. http://vestnik.mednet.ru/content/view/296/30/lang,ru/. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коссова Т. В. Экономические факторы смертности от инфекционных болезней в регионах России // Экономическая политика. 2020. Т. 15. № 6. С. 90–109. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ekonomicheskie-faktory-smertnosti-ot-infektsionnyh-bolezney-v-regionah-rossii</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kossova T. V. Ekonomicheskie faktory smertnosti ot infektsionnykh bolezney v regionakh Rossii [Economic Factors of Mortality From Infectious Diseases in Russian Regions]. Ekonomicheskaya politika [Economic Policy], 2020, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 90-109. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ekonomicheskie-faktory-smertnosti-ot-infektsionnyh-bolezney-v-regionah-rossii. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Колосницына М. Г., Хоркина Н. А., Доржиев Х. Н. Влияние ценовых мер государственной антиалкогольной политики на потребление спиртных напитков в России // Экономическая политика. 2015. Т. 10. № 5. С. 171–190. https://publications.hse.ru/articles/163780637</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolosnitsina M. G., Khorkina N. A., Dorzhiev H. N. Vliyanie tsenovikh mer gosudarstvennoy antialkogol’noy politiki na potreblenie spirtnikh napitkov v Rossii [The Influence of Pricing Measures of the State Anti-Alcohol Policy on the Consumption of Alcoholic Beverages in Russia]. Ekonomicheskaya politika [Economic Policy], 2015, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 171-190. https://publications.hse.ru/articles/163780637. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Муравьев К. А. Смертность населения Ставропольского края от болезней системы пищеварения за десятилетний период (2001–2010 годы) // Кубанский научный медицинский вестник. 2011. № 5(128). С. 102–104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muravev K. A. Smertnost’ naseleniya Stavropol’skogo kraya ot bolezney sistemy pishchevareniya za desyatiletniy period (2001-2010 gg.) [Mortality of the Population of the Stavropol Territory From Diseases of the Digestive System for a Ten-Year Period (2001-2010)]. Kubanskiy nauchnyy meditsinskiy vestnik [Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin], 2011, no. 5(128), pp. 102-104. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ножкина Н. В., Зарипова Т. В., Ошкордина А. А., Возжаев А. В. Анализ смертности и экономический ущерб от болезней органов пищеварения в трудоспособном возрасте в Свердловской области // Уральский медицинский журнал. 2018. № 3. С. 130–134.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nozhkina N. V., Zaripova T. V., Oshkordina A. A., Vozzhaev A. V. Analiz smertnosti i ekonomicheskiy ushcherb ot bolezney organov pishchevareniya v trudosposobnom vozraste v Sverdlovskoy oblasti [Analysis of Mortality and Economic Damage From Diseases of the Digestive System Among Persons of Working Age in the Sverdlovsk Region]. Ural’skiy meditsinskiy zhurnal [Ural Medical Journal], 2018, no. 3, pp. 130-134. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Оноприев В. И., Корочанская Н. В. Демографическая ситуация и гастроэнтерологические заболевания на территории Краснодарского края // Кубанский научный медицинский вестник. 2006. № 7–8. С. 22–27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Onopriev V. I., Korochanskaya N. V. Demograficheskaya situatsya i gastroenterologicheskie zabolevanya na territorii Krasnodarskogo kraya [Demographic Situation and Gastroenterological Diseases in Krasnodar Territory]. Kubanskiy nauchnyy meditsinskiy vestnik [Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin], 2006, no. 7-8, pp. 22-27. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сердюкова Т. В., Курьянова Н. Н., Сердюков А. Г. Медико-социальное исследование больных, страдающих болезнями органов пищеварения (по данным анкетирования) // Здоровье и образование в XXI веке. 2012. Т. 14. № 3. С. 224–226.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Serdyukova T. V., Kuryanova N. N., Serdyukov A. G. Mediko-sotsial’noe issledovanie bol’nykh, stradayushchikh boleznyami organov pishchevareniya (po dannym anketirovaniya) [Medical and Social Study of Patients Suffering From Diseases of the Digestive System (According to a Questionnaire)]. Zdorov’e i obrazovanie v XXI veke [Health and Education in the 21&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; Century], 2012, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 224-226. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abera S. F., Gebru A. A., Biesalski H. K., Ejeta G., Wienke A., Scherbaum V., Kantelhardt E. J. Social Determinants of Adult Mortality From Non-Communicable Diseases in Northern Ethiopia, 2009-2015: Evidence From Health and Demographic Surveillance Site // PLoS ONE. 2017. Vol. 12. No 12. e0188968, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188968.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abera S. F., Gebru A. A., Biesalski H. K., Ejeta G., Wienke A., Scherbaum V., Kantelhardt E. J. Social Determinants of Adult Mortality From Non-Communicable Diseases in Northern Ethiopia, 2009-2015: Evidence From Health and Demographic Surveillance Site. PLoS ONE, 2017, vol. 12, no. 12. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188968.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adepu S., Berman A. E., Thompson M. A. Socioeconomic Determinants of Health and Country-Level Variation in Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: An Exploratory Analysis of Georgia During 2014–2016 // Preventive Medicine Reports. 2020. Vol. 19. 101160.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adepu S., Berman A. E., Thompson M. A. Socioeconomic Determinants of Health and Country-Level Variation in Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: An Exploratory Analysis of Georgia During 2014-2016. Preventive Medicine Reports, 2020, vol. 19, 101160. DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101160.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gaspar R. S., Rossi L., Hone T., Dornelles A. Z. Income Inequality and Non-Communicable Disease Mortality and Morbidity in Brazil States: А Longitudinal Analysis 2002-2017 // The Lancet Regional Health — Americas. 2021. Vol. 2. doi: 10.1016/j.lana.2021.100042.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaspar R. S., Rossi L., Hone T., Dornelles A. Z. Income Inequality and Non-Communicable Disease Mortality and Morbidity in Brazil States: A Longitudinal Analysis 2002-2017. The Lancet Regional Health - Americas, 2021, vol. 2. doi: 10.1016/j.lana.2021.100042.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grigoriev P., Doblhammer-Reiter G., Shkolnikov V. Trends, Patterns, and Determinants of Regional Mortality in Belarus, 1990–2007 // Population Studies. 2013. Vol. 67. No 1. P. 61–81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grigoriev P., Doblhammer-Reiter G., Shkolnikov V. Trends, Patterns, and Determinants of Regional Mortality in Belarus, 1990-2007. Population Studies, 2013, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 61-81. DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.724696.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hauner H., Bechthold A., Boeing H., Brönstrup A., Buyken A., Leschik-Bonnet E., Linseisen J., Schulze M., Strohm D., Wolfram G. Evidence-Based Guideline of the German Nutrition Society: Carbohydrate Intake and Prevention of Nutrition-Related Diseases // Annals of Nutrition &amp; Metabolism. 2012. Vol. 60 (suppl. 1). P. 1–58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hauner H., Bechthold A., Boeing H., Brönstrup A., Buyken A., Leschik-Bonnet E., Linseisen J., Schulze M., Strohm D., Wolfram G. Evidence-Based Guideline of the German Nutrition Society: Carbohydrate Intake and Prevention of Nutrition-Related Diseases. Annals of Nutrition &amp; Metabolism, 2012, vol. 60 (suppl. 1), pp. 1-58. DOI: 10.1159/000335326.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hone T., Mirelman A. J., Rasella D., Paes-Sousa R., Barreto M. L., Rocha R., Millett C. Effect of Economic Recession and Impact of Health and Social Protection Expenditures on Adult Mortality: А Longitudinal Analysis of 5565 Brazilian Municipalities // Lancet Global Health. 2019. Vol. 7. e1575–е1583.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hone T., Mirelman A. J., Rasella D., Paes-Sousa R., Barreto M. L., Rocha R., Millett C. Effect of Economic Recession and Impact of Health and Social Protection Expenditures on Adult Mortality: A Longitudinal Analysis of 5565 Brazilian Municipalities. Lancet Global Health, 2019, vol. 7, e1575-е1583. DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30409-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khatana S. A. M., Goldberg D. S. Changes in County-Level Economic Prosperity Are Associated With Liver Disease-Related Mortality Among Working-Age Adults // Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (in press). doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.08.023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khatana S. A. M., Goldberg D. S. Changes in County-Level Economic Prosperity Are Associated With Liver Disease-Related Mortality Among Working-Age Adults. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (in press). doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.08.023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kossova T. V., Kossova E. V., Sitnikova A., Sheluntcova M. Evaluation of Changes in Alcohol Consumption: Evidence From Russia // Journal of Economic Studies. 2021. Vol. 48. No 7. P. 1336–1345.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kossova T. V., Kossova E. V., Sitnikova A., Sheluntcova M. Evaluation of Changes in Alcohol Consumption: Evidence From Russia. Journal of Economic Studies, 2021, vol. 48, no. 7, pp. 1336-1345. DOI: 10.1007/s12232-016-0262-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Layte R., Banks J. Socioeconomic Differentials in Mortality by Cause of Death in the Republic of Ireland, 1984-2008 // The European Journal of Public Health. 2016. Vol. 26. No 3. P. 451–458.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Layte R., Banks J. Socioeconomic Differentials in Mortality by Cause of Death in the Republic of Ireland, 1984-2008. The European Journal of Public Health, 2016, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 451-458. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw038.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Effects of Individual Taxable Income, Household Taxable Income, and Household Disposable Income on Mortality in Finland, 1998-2004 // Population Studies. 2009. Vol. 63. No 2. P. 147–162.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martikainen P., Valkonen T., Moustgaard H. The Effects of Individual Taxable Income, Household Taxable Income, and Household Disposable Income on Mortality in Finland, 1998-2004. Population Studies, 2009, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 147-162. doi: 10.1080/00324720902938416.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Morain N., O’Morain C. The Burden of Digestive Disease Across Europe: Facts and Policies // Digestive and Liver Disease. 2019. Vol. 51. P. 1–3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O’Morain N., O’Morain C. The Burden of Digestive Disease Across Europe: Facts and Policies. Digestive and Liver Disease, 2019, vol. 51, pp. 1-3. DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2018.10.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paciej P., Ciabiada B., Maniecka-Bryła I. Premature Mortality Due to Alcohol-Related Diseases of the Liver in Poland According to Voivodships // Family Medicine &amp; Primary Care Review. 2017. Vol. 19. No 3. P. 251–255. doi: 10.5114/fmpcr.2017.69287.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paciej P., Ciabiada B., Maniecka-Bryła I. Premature Mortality Due to Alcohol-Related Diseases of the Liver in Poland According to Voivodships. Family Medicine &amp; Primary Care Review, 2017, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 251-255. doi: 10.5114/fmpcr.2017.69287.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paciej-Gołębiowska P., Pikala M., Maniecka-Bryła I. Years of Life Lost Due to Diseases of the Digestive System in Poland According to Socioeconomic Factors: А Cross-Sectional Study // BMJ Open. August 27. No 9(8). e030304.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paciej-Gołębiowska P., Pikala M., Maniecka-Bryła I. Years of Life Lost Due to Diseases of the Digestive System in Poland According to Socioeconomic Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study. BMJ Open, 2019, August 27, no. 9(8). DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030304.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Radaev V., Roshchina Y., Salnikova D. The Decline in Alcohol Consumption in Russia From 2006 to 2017: Do Birth Cohorts Matter? // Alcohol and Alcoholism. 2020. Vol. 55. No 3. P. 323–335.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radaev V., Roshchina Y., Salnikova D. The Decline in Alcohol Consumption in Russia From 2006 to 2017: Do Birth Cohorts Matter? Alcohol and Alcoholism, 2020, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 323-335. DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Regidor E., Vallejo F., Giráldez-García C., Ortega P., Santos J. M., Astasio P., De la Fuente L. Low Mortality in the Poorest Areas of Spain: Adults Residing in Provinces With Lower Per Capita Income Have the Lowest Mortality // European Journal of Epidemiology. 2015. Vol. 30. No 8. P. 637–648.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Low Mortality in the Poorest Areas of Spain: Adults Residing in Provinces With Lower Per Capita Income Have the Lowest Mortality. European Journal of Epidemiology, 2015, vol. 30, no. 8, pp. 637-648. DOI: 10.1007/s10654-015-0013-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stuckler D. Population Causes and Consequences of Leading Chronic Diseases: A Comparative Analysis of Prevailing Explanations // The Milbank Quarterly. 2008. Vol. 86. No 2. P. 273–326.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stuckler D. Population Causes and Consequences of Leading Chronic Diseases: A Comparative Analysis of Prevailing Explanations. The Milbank Quarterly, 2008, vol. 86, no. 2, pp. 273-326. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0009.2008.00522.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun Z., Cheng L. Air Pollution and Procyclical Mortality: Evidence From China // China Economic Review. 2021. Vol. 68. 101625.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun Z., Cheng L. Air Pollution and Procyclical Mortality: Evidence From China. China Economic Review, 2021, vol. 68. DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2021.101625.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tuoane-Nkhasi M., Van Eeden A. Spatial Patterns and Correlates of Mortality Non-Communicable Diseases Among Adults, 2011 // GeoJournal. 2017. Vol. 82. P. 1005–1034.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tuoane-Nkhasi M., Van Eeden A. Spatial Patterns and Correlates of Mortality Non-Communicable Diseases Among Adults, 2011. GeoJournal, 2017, vol. 82, pp. 1005-1034. DOI: 10.1007/s10708-016-9725-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
