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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecpolicy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5124</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-2658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Economic Policy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18288/1994-5124-2025-3-6-37</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecpolicy-367</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Корпоративные финансы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Corporate Finance</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Дивидендная политика российских компаний в 2005–2024 годах и ее влияние на капитализацию и доходы инвесторов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>How the Dividend Policy of Russian Companies From 2005 to 2024 Affected Capitalization and Investor Return</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2242-9994</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Радыгин</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Radygin</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Дмитриевич Радыгин, Доктор экономических наук, профессор, директор Института прикладных экономических исследований</p><p>119571, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 82 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander D. Radygin, Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Professor, Director of the Institute of Applied Economic Research</p><p>82, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arad@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4285-9115</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамов</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramov</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Евгеньевич Абрамов, Кандидат экономических наук, заведующий лабораторией анализа институтов и финансовых рынков Института прикладных экономических исследований</p><p>119571, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 82 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander E. Abramov, Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Head of the Laboratory for Analysis of Institutions and Financial Markets, Institute of Applied Economic Research</p><p>82, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abramov-ae@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0144-1820</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернова</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernova</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мария Игоревна Чернова, Кандидат экономических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории анализа институтов и финансовых рынков Института прикладных экономических исследований</p><p>119571, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 82 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria I. Chernova, Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Senior Researcher at the Laboratory for Analysis of Institutions and Financial Markets, Institute of Applied Economic Research</p><p>82, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chernova-mi@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>RANEPA</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>37</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Радыгин А.Д., Абрамов А.Е., Чернова М.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Радыгин А.Д., Абрамов А.Е., Чернова М.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Radygin A.D., Abramov A.E., Chernova M.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/367">https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/367</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье на основе данных о дивидендных выплатах по акциям, обращавшимся на Московской бирже в 2005–2024 годах, анализируются ключевые тренды дивидендной политики компаний и их влияние на капитализацию и доходность вложений акционеров. Использованы методы количественного анализа, декомпозиции общей доходности и построения факторных стратегий портфельного управления. С 2012 года компании проводили активную дивидендную политику для компенсации замедления роста курсовой доходности акций из-за неблагоприятных внешних шоков и снижения спроса на указанные акции. Это позволило повысить общую доходность акционеров, а в случае компаний с государственным участием — привлечь дополнительные средства в бюджет. В то же время наблюдалось снижение капитализации относительно ВВП и курсовой стоимости акций с высокой дивидендной доходностью, а также рост риска глубоких и продолжительных дивидендных гэпов, сопровождавшихся нерациональным поведением частных инвесторов. В 2005–2024 годах более половины выплачиваемых дивидендов приходилось всего на шесть крупнейших компаний, дивидендные выплаты компаний с государственным участием были значительно больше, чем у частных компаний, около 60% дивидендов было распределено в пользу бенефициаров, не участвовавших в формировании ликвидного вторичного рынка акций. Позитивным трендом дивидендной политики в 2022–2024 годах стал рост выплат компаниями третьего эшелона. Авторы статьи обнаружили подтверждение гипотезы Модильяни — Миллера, что пропорции распределения чистой прибыли не могут в полной мере определять стоимость акций. Рост капитализации и общая доходность акционеров должны опираться на увеличение чистой прибыли компаний и ее рациональное распределение между дивидендами, инвестициями и иными целями. Важную роль в повышении спроса на акции играют благоприятный инвестиционный климат, макроэкономическая стабильность и полноценное раскрытие информации об эмитентах.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article analyzes data on dividend payments for shares listed on the Moscow Stock Exchange from 2005 to 2024 and examines major changes in corporate dividend policy and their effects on capitalization and shareholder return on investment. The authors used quantitative analysis, total yield decompositions, and various construction strategies for managing factor portfolios. Since 2012, many companies have increased dividends to compensate for slowing share price appreciation caused by adverse external shocks and a decline in demand. This reaction increased total shareholder returns but also required additional financial support to underwrite the fiscal deficits of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Nevertheless, the capitalization-to-GDP ratio and the prices of high-dividend companies dropped, and the risks of deep and long dividend gaps increased and was amplified by private investors’ irrational behavior. From 2005 to 2024, more than half of dividends were paid by only the six largest companies; dividend payouts from SOEs totaled more than those from private companies; and about 60% of dividends were distributed to beneficiaries who did not participate in the formation of a liquid secondary equity market. The increase in payments by companies of the third tier was a positive trend in dividend policy from 2022 to 2024. The authors found evidence confirming the Modigliani-Miller hypothesis that the distribution of net profits has little impact on share prices. Growth of capitalization and total shareholder return should be based on a company’s net profit growth and a rational allocation of it between dividends, investment, and other purposes. The investment climate, macroeconomic stability, and complete disclosure are all essential factors driving greater demand for stocks.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>компании с государственным участием</kwd><kwd>портфельное управление</kwd><kwd>финансовые рынки</kwd><kwd>частные инвесторы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dividends</kwd><kwd>state-owned companies</kwd><kwd>financial markets</kwd><kwd>portfolio management</kwd><kwd>dividend policy</kwd><kwd>private investors</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения научно-исследовательской работы государственного задания РАНХиГС.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article has been prepared as part of the RANEPA state research assignment program.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абрамов А. 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