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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecpolicy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5124</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-2658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Economic Policy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18288/1994-5124-2024-3-44-75</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecpolicy-4</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Поведение экономических агентов с ограниченной рациональностью в полуоткрытой новой кейнсианской модели</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Behavior of Economic Agents With Bounded Rationality in a Semi-open New Keynesian Model</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3832-3978</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Серков</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Serkov</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Леонид Александрович Серков, кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент, старший научный сотрудник Института экономики </p><p>620142, Екатеринбург, Московская ул., 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leonid A. Serkov, Cand. (Sci.), Associate Professor, Senior Research Fellow, Institute of Economics</p><p>29, Moskovskaya ul., Ekaterinburg, 620142</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">serkov.la@uiec.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральское отделение РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Серков Л.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Серков Л.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Serkov L.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/4">https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/4</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена анализу поведения экономических агентов с ограниченной рациональностью в новой кейнсианской модели, в которой импортное оборудование и технологии относятся к факторам производства отечественного товара, а домашние хозяйства потребляют только отечественную продукцию. Ожидания агентов базируются на основе стационарных значений разрыва выпуска и инфляции и на экстраполяции последних доступных данных об этих переменных. Весовые доли агентов, применяющих эти правила, изменяются эндогенно. Рассматриваются два вида агентов: фундаменталисты и экстраполяторы. Ожидания агентов-фундаменталистов базируются на основе стационарных значений разрыва выпуска и инфляции. Агенты-экстраполяторы используют в своих ожиданиях правило, в основе которого лежит экстраполяция последних доступных данных об инфляции и разрыве выпуска. Весовые доли агентов, применяющих эти правила, изменяются эндогенно, в результате чего возникают эндогенные волны оптимизма и пессимизма. Гистограммы частотного распределения степени жизнерадостности и импульсные отклики шоков монетарной политики на исследуемые переменные показывают, что менее открытая экономика склонна к экономическому циклу с меньшей амплитудой, чем более жесткая экономика. Анализ компромиссов между волатильностью инфляции и разрыва выпуска при различных значениях параметров в правиле Тейлора показал их нелинейный характер (в отличие от стандартных моделей с рациональными ожиданиями). Важный результат, полученный в настоящем исследовании, состоит в том, что гипотеза рациональных ожиданий в большей степени соответствует закрытой экономике, чем открытой. При анализе компромиссов выявлено, что стабилизация инфляции в моделях с ограниченной рациональностью ожиданий требует повышенной реакции процентной ставки по сравнению с аналогичной реакцией для модели с рациональными ожиданиями агентов. Полученные результаты могут быть полезными при проведении монетарной политики по стабилизации инфляции и разрыва выпуска. Особенно важными в практическом аспекте являются результаты анализа функций импульсного отклика и компромиссов между изменением объема выпуска и инфляции, которые позволяют монетарным властям выбирать между стабилизацией разрыва выпуска и уровнем инфляции.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of the article is to analyze the behavior of economic agents with limited rationality in a New Keynesian model which postulates that imported equipment and technology are one of the factors of production and that households consume only domestic products. Economic agents’ expectations are based on stationary values for the output gap and inflation and also on extrapolation of the latest available data on these variables. The weighted shares of agents applying these rules change endogenously. Histograms of the frequency distribution of the degree of optimism and the impulse responses of monetary policy shocks and technology shocks to the variables under study indicate that a less open economy tends to undergo an economic cycle with a smaller amplitude than a more rigid economy. An analysis of the trade-offs between inflation volatility and the output gap established their non-linear nature (in contrast to standard models with rational expectations). The results from analysis of trade-offs was that stabilization of inflation in models with limited rational expectations requires an increased interest rate reaction compared to a similar reaction for a model in which agents have rational expectations. The results obtained may be useful in designing monetary policy to stabilize inflation and output gaps.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>когнитивные ограничения агентов</kwd><kwd>эндогенные волны оптимизма и пессимизма</kwd><kwd>степень жизненных сил</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>semi-open economy</kwd><kwd>agents’ cognitive constraints</kwd><kwd>endogenous waves of optimism and pessimism</kwd><kwd>degree of vitality</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в соответствии с планом НИР Института экономики УрО РАН.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study has been undertaken as part of the research plan of the Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Серков Л. 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