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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecpolicy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5124</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-2658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Economic Policy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18288/1994-5124-2022-4-44-75</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecpolicy-41</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЫНОК ТРУДА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LABOR MARKET</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изменения в структуре занятости как стимул к получению высшего образования в развитых и развивающихся странах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Changes in the Structure of Employment as an Incentive to Enroll in Higher Education: Analysis of Developed and Developing Countries</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2724-8973</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тележкина</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Telezhkina</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марина Сергеевна Тележкина – старший преподаватель </p><p>603155, Нижний Новгород, Б. Печерская ул., 25/12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina S. Telezhkina – Senior Lecturer</p><p>25/12, Bolshaya Pecherskaya ul., Nizhny Novgorod, 603155</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mkonovalova@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>08</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тележкина М.С., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тележкина М.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Telezhkina M.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/41">https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/41</self-uri><abstract><p>Различие в долях молодежи с высшим образованием в разных странах велико, несмотря на рост его доступности в целом. Востребованность выпускников вузов на рынке труда является одним из определяющих факторов спроса на высшее образование. Автор предполагает, что динамика долей занятых с высоким, средним и низким уровнями навыков отражает изменения в потребностях фирм и влияет на величину доли молодежи, получающей высшее образование (то есть студентов вузов среди молодежи соответствующего возраста), в развитых и развивающихся странах. Целью исследования является проверка гипотезы о наличии во влиянии факторов на зависимую переменную изменений, способных объяснить замедление процесса массовизации высшего образования в ряде стран. Регрессионный анализ на панельных данных девяноста стран и зависимых территорий за 1989–2019 годы показал, что снижение доли занятых со средним уровнем навыков в развитых странах уменьшает спрос молодежи на высшее образование. Высокие темпы роста занятости работников с высоким и средним уровнями навыков в развивающихся странах способствовали значительному повышению спроса на высшее образование в 1989–2008 годах на фоне развития технологий и сферы услуг. После кризиса 2008–2009 годов влияние динамики количества занятых с разными уровнями навыков на охват молодежи высшим образованием снизилось, а влияние социально-экономических факторов, таких как индекс Джини, уровень безработицы, ВВП на душу населения, выросло как в развитых, так и в развивающихся странах. Полученные результаты позволяют предположить дальнейшее замедление роста охвата молодежи высшим образованием в развитых странах в результате поляризации видов занятости и распространения практики удаленной занятости.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Enrollment of youth in higher education varies greatly between countries despite efforts to unify and align systems of higher education worldwide. The performance of university graduates in the labor market is one of the factors that affect demand for higher education. The author postulates that the dynamics observed in the proportions of the employed with high, medium and low skills reflect changes in demand for labor and influence the rate of enrollment in higher education. The aim of the research is to analyze the influence of the structure of employment by skill level on the rate of enrollment for higher education in developed and developing countries. Panel data regression analysis of 218 countries and dependent territories from 1989 to 2019 indicates that an increase in demand for low-skilled labor contributes to increased demand for higher education in developed countries by facilitating employment while studying in order to pay tuition. The influence of these factors on rates of enrollment in higher education differs between the samples from 1989 to 2004 and from 2004 to 2019 in developing countries. The estimates of the coefficients from the earlier samples are consistent with the stylized fact of growth in enrollment that outpaces growth of demand for labor. During the second period, expansion of higher education is driven by economic growth and increased national income as measured by per capita GDP. This analysis supports a forecast that the trend toward polarization of jobs and the growing popularity of remote work will retard the growth of university enrollment in developed countries. Overall growth of national prosperity in developing countries will contribute to recovery of the growth in demand for higher education.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>охват молодежи высшим образованием</kwd><kwd>экспансия высшего образования</kwd><kwd>занятость по уровням навыков</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>enrollment rate</kwd><kwd>higher education expansion</kwd><kwd>employment by skill level</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гимпельсон В. Е., Капелюшников Р. И. Поляризация или улучшение? Эволюция структуры рабочих мест в России в 2000-е годы // Вопросы экономики. 2015. № 7. С. 87–119.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gimpelson V. E., Kapelyushnikov R. I. Polyarizatsiya ili uluchshenie? Evolyutsiya struktury rabochikh mest v Rossii v 2000-e gody [Polarization or Upgrading? 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