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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecpolicy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5124</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-2658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Economic Policy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18288/1994-5124-2022-4-76-99</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecpolicy-42</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Цифровая экономика</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Digital Economy</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Доступ к данным в цифровой экономике: рекомендации, инициативы, перспективы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Access to Data in the Digital Economy: Recommendations, Initiatives, Prospects</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0431-1725</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коваль</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koval</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александра Александровна Коваль – научный сотрудник Центра Россия — ОЭСР </p><p>119571, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 82</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra A. Koval – Researcher, Center Russia—OECD </p><p>82, Vernadskogo pr., 119571, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">koval-aa@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2029-3667</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левашенко</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levashenko</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антонина Давидовна Левашенко – руководитель Центра Россия — ОЭСР </p><p>119571, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 82</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Antonina D. Levashenko – Head, Center Russia—OECD </p><p>82, Vernadskogo pr., 119571, Moscow</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">levashenko@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0593-3101</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Магомедова</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Magomedova</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Сергеевна Магомедова – аналитик Центра ответственного ведения бизнеса </p><p>119285, Москва, Воробьевское шоссе, 6а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga S. Magomedova – Analytic, Center of Responsible Business Conduct </p><p>6a, Vorobevskoe sh., 119285, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">magomedova.96@vavt.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>РАНХиГС</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийская академия внешней торговли Министерства экономического развития Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Foreign Trade Academy of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>08</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>76</fpage><lpage>99</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Коваль А.А., Левашенко А.Д., Магомедова О.С., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коваль А.А., Левашенко А.Д., Магомедова О.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Koval A.A., Levashenko A.D., Magomedova O.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/42">https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/42</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель настоящей статьи — дать оценку правовому режиму данных в России с точки зрения возможности имплементации международных стандартов и лучших зарубежных практик. Для развития цифровой экономики данные являются ключевым ресурсом, поэтому условия доступа к ним и обмена ими становятся факторами благосостояния современного информационного общества и качественного развития конкурентных цифровых рынков. В статье проводится правовой анализ Рекомендации ОЭСР по улучшению доступа к данным и обмену ими 2021 года. Базовая рекомендация по развитию доступности данных заключается в установлении доверия среди участников оборота данных. Основой для доверия служат надежные правовые режимы защиты соответствующих данных. Поэтому международные эксперты поддерживают государства в обеспечении сбалансированных мер развития доступа к данным и обмену ими, которые давали бы больше свободы для оборота данных при сохранении правовых гарантий соответствующих режимов данных. В качестве примера зарубежных практик по регулированию данных для содействия цифровой экономике исследователи приводят положения Регламента ЕС об управлении данными. Опыт ЕС включает разработку трех механизмов улучшения доступа к данным: механизма повторного использования защищаемых данных в публичном секторе, института посредника в передаче данных и института альтруистичного управления данными (data-альтруизма). Для выявления препятствий к имплементации исследованных стандартов и практик рассматриваются основные пробелы и недостатки российского законодательства в области персональных данных. В результате анализа формулируются выводы о необходимости внесения определенных изменений в ФЗ-152 «О персональных данных» в части расширения возможностей субъектов персональных данных управлять ими как непременного условия для становления надежного оборота данных. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article assesses how compatible Russia’s legal regime for digital data is with the implementation of international standards and best practices. Data is a key resource for developing a digital economy, and therefore the conditions provided for access to data and data sharing become factors in the well-being of an information society and in the qualitative development of competitive digital markets. As an illustration of the applicable international standards, the article provides legal analysis of the OECD Recommendation on Enhancing Access to and Sharing of Data from 2021, which is concerned primarily with ensuring the trustworthiness of the data ecosystem; and the essential element for that is a reliable legal regime protecting data. Governments should therefore provide balanced measures for facilitating both access to and sharing of data in order to allow more freedom for data to circulate while maintaining the legal guarantees of the data regimes. As an illustration of the best international regulatory practices, the article analyzes the recently adopted EU Data Governance Act, which addresses three main topics: the reuse of protected data in the public sector, the configuration of providers of data sharing services, and the introduction of what is termed data altruism. The authors examine the main gaps and shortcomings in Russian legislation pertaining to personal data in order to identify ways in which implementation of international standards and practices might be hindered. The article concludes with the authors’ argument that amendments to Federal Law No. 152 “On Personal Data” are necessary to improve the ability of personal data subjects to manage their data, as this is an essential condition for the development of a trustworthy data ecosystem in Russia.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обмен данными</kwd><kwd>персональные данные</kwd><kwd>управление данными</kwd><kwd>передача данных</kwd><kwd>ОЭСР</kwd><kwd>ЕС</kwd><kwd>data-альтруизм</kwd><kwd>владельцы данных</kwd><kwd>пользователи данных</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>data sharing</kwd><kwd>personal data</kwd><kwd>data management</kwd><kwd>data transfer</kwd><kwd>OECD</kwd><kwd>EU</kwd><kwd>data altruism</kwd><kwd>data owners</kwd><kwd>data users</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения научно-исследовательской работы государственного задания РАНХиГС.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article has been prepared as part of a research program commissioned by the state from the RANEPA.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абрамова А. 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