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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecpolicy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5124</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-2658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Economic Policy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18288/1994-5124-2022-6-40-67</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecpolicy-46</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Технологии и человеческий капитал в санкционной экономике</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Technology and Human Capital in an Economy Under Sanctions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0646-7264</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Любимов</surname><given-names>И. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyubimov</surname><given-names>I. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иван Львович Любимов, PhD (Econ.), старший научный сотрудник Центра экономики непрерывного образования</p><p>119571, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 82</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan L. Lyubimov, PhD (Econ.), Senior Research Fellow, Center for the Economics of Continuing Education</p><p>82, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lioubimovi25@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт прикладных экономических исследований, РАНХиГС</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for Applied Economic Research, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Любимов И.Л., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Любимов И.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lyubimov I.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/46">https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/46</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе анализируется реакция абстрактной экономики на экзогенное ограничение доступа к передовым технологиям. Внешнее ограничение, сдерживающее технологическое развитие, оказывает эффект не только на сектор производства, но и на образование. Экономические агенты, ожидая замедления процесса модернизации технологий в результате действия ограничения, теряют мотивацию к накоплению человеческого капитала, при помощи которого они управляют технологиями в процессе производства. В результате человеческий капитал пополняется значительно медленнее, чем в экономике без внешнего ограничения. Теоретические результаты, полученные с помощью абстрактной модели, иллюстрируются данными о сложных производствах и университетском образовании в российских регионах. Инструментарий, применяемый в теории экономической сложности, используется для оценки двух индексов, один из которых отражает развитие сектора сложных производств, а другой — развитость университетского образования. Автор вычисляет меру содержательного соответствия между видами экономической деятельности и университетскими специальностями на региональном уровне. Сделан вывод о том, что регионы, характеризующиеся более развитым сектором сложных производств, отличаются более развитой университетской системой, а также более выраженным соответствием между структурой экономики и системой высшего образования. Именно эти регионы могут в большей мере пострадать от санкционных ограничений, затрудняющих проникновение в российскую экономику более современных технологий, а также от изменения мотивации абитуриентов к изучению соответствующих дисциплин. В качестве меры по уменьшению негативного эффекта на технологическое развитие в таких регионах представляется поиск возможностей для восстановления участия российских компаний в глобальных технологических цепочках.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article considers an abstract economy which has limited legal opportunities to modernize its technology. As technology and human capital interact, this limitation also impacts educational choices. Economic agents who are expecting a slowdown in technological modernization become less motivated to augment their human capital. Projecting that model onto Russia’s economy under sanctions indicates that the pace will slacken both in technological modernization and in the accumulation of human capital. As it is clearly too early to make predictions in granular detail regarding Russian industries, the article focusses instead on the country’s various regions. The theory of economic complexity is employed to calculate indexes reflecting the sophistication of the more complex regional industries and universities. The correlation between types of economic activity and university specialization at the regional level is also estimated. The conclusion is that regional economies featuring a more fully developed complex manufacturing sector also have a more developed university system as well as a tighter correlation between the structure of the economy and of the higher education system. These regions may be more affected by sanctions because it becomes more difficult for the modern technologies which are intensively used in complex industries to penetrate the Russian economy. To reduce the impact of restrictions on technological development and education, efforts should be made to restore the participation of Russian companies in global technology chains.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>санкции</kwd><kwd>технологическое развитие</kwd><kwd>высшее образование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sanctions</kwd><kwd>technological development</kwd><kwd>higher education</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Казакова М. В., Любимов И. Л., Нестерова К. В. Гарантирует ли успех отдельной реформы ускорение экономического роста? Недостаточно развитые институты как причина провала реформ // Экономический журнал ВШЭ. 2016. Т. 20. № 4. С. 624– 654.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kazakova M. V., Lyubimov I. L., Nesterova K. V. Garantiruet li uspekh otdel’noy reformy uskorenie ekonomicheskogo rosta? 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