<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecpolicy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5124</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-2658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Economic Policy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18288/1994-5124-2025-5-252-281</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecpolicy-494</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Макроэкономика</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Macroeconomics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние шоков бюджетной политики на инфляцию в российской экономике</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fiscal Policy Shocks and Inflation in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6484-9794</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коляденко</surname><given-names>П. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolyadenko</surname><given-names>P. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павел Борисович Коляденко - Стажер-исследователь</p><p>119571, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 82, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel B. Kolyadenko - Intern-Research Assistant</p><p>82, str. 1, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kolyadenko-pb@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7507-8361</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перевышин</surname><given-names>Ю. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perevyshin</surname><given-names>Yu. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Николаевич Перевышин - Кандидат экономических наук, доцент</p><p>119571, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 82, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yurii N. Perevyshin - Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Associate Professor</p><p>82, str. 1, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">perevyshin-yn@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>252</fpage><lpage>281</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Коляденко П.Б., Перевышин Ю.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коляденко П.Б., Перевышин Ю.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kolyadenko P.B., Perevyshin Y.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/494">https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/494</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье оценено влияние шоков бюджетной политики на инфляцию в российской экономике с помощью современных эконометрических методов. SVAR-модель с декомпозицией по Холецкому, которая является наиболее популярным методом для решения подобного рода задач, не позволила получить значимых откликов из-за сильных ограничивающих предпосылок, в связи с чем возникла необходимость применения более современных моделей. На основе методики МВФ в исследовании были построены показатели фискального импульса, которые использовались в качестве инструментов в proxy-SVAR-подходе и в методе локальных проекций с инструментальными переменными для оценки влияния шоков фискальной политики на инфляцию в российской экономике в период с 2012 по 2024 год. Показатели структурного бюджетного дефицита свидетельствуют о том, что пик бюджетного стимулирования после начала СВО пришелся на середину 2023 года, а к середине 2024 года бюджетная политика находилась в нейтральной области. За последние 15 лет наибольшей жесткости бюджетная политика достигла в середине 2019 года. Влияние шока бюджетной политики на инфляцию при proxy-SVAR- и LP-IV-оценивании длится четыре – шесть кварталов, медианный вклад в инфляцию резкого изменения переменной бюджетной политики на 1 п.п. ВВП находится в диапазоне 0,9–1,3 п.п. спустя год после шока. Ключевой рекомендацией по возвращению инфляции к цели является нормализация бюджетной политики. Для этого необходимо снизить долю государственных расходов бюджетной системы в ВВП до уровня 34,5–35,0% ВВП и строго следовать бюджетному правилу при формировании расходов федерального бюджета. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article evaluates the impact of fiscal policy shocks on inflation in the Russian economy using updated econometric methods. Although a SVAR model with Cholesky decomposition would commonly be employed for this kind of analysis, it had to be replaced by more current models because its excessively narrow assumptions made it unsuitable for this article. Fiscal impulse indicators based on IMF methodology were constructed and applied in a proxy-SVAR approach, as well as in a local projections method with instrumental variables (LP-IV), in order to assess the impact of fiscal policy shocks on inflation in the Russian economy from 2012 to 2024. The structural budget deficits establish that the peak of fiscal stimulus following the start of the Special Military Operation occurred in mid2023 and that fiscal policy had returned to a neutral stance by mid-2024. The most restrictive fiscal policy during the past fifteen years came in mid-2019. The proxy-SVAR and LP-IV methods indicate that fiscal policy shocks affect inflation for the next 4 to 6 quarters and that an abrupt change in fiscal policy by 1% of GDP produces a median change in inflation of 0.9–1.3% after a year. The key recommendation for returning inflation to its target value is normalization of fiscal policy. This requires reducing the level of government expenditures to 34.5-35.0% of GDP and strictly adhering to that fiscal rule when devising the federal budget.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фискальный импульс</kwd><kwd>структурные шоки</kwd><kwd>денежно-кредитная политика</kwd><kwd>инструментальные переменные</kwd><kwd>метод локальных проекций</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fiscal impulse</kwd><kwd>structural shocks</kwd><kwd>monetary policy</kwd><kwd>instrumental variables</kwd><kwd>local projections</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения научно-исследовательской работы государственного задания РАНХиГС.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This article has been prepared as part of RANEPA’s state-commissioned research program.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Власов С. А., Дерюгина Е. Б. Фискальные мультипликаторы в России // Журнал Новой экономической ассоциации. 2018. Т. 2. № 38. С. 104–119.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vlasov S. A., Deryugina E. B. Fiskal’nye mul’tiplikatory v Rossii [Fiscal Multipliers in Russia]. Zhurnal Novoy ekonomicheskoy assotsiatsii [Journal of the New Economic Association], 2018, vol. 2, no. 38, pp. 104-119. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Власов С. А., Пономаренко А. А. Роль бюджетной политики в условиях финансовоэкономического кризиса // Журнал Новой экономической ассоциации. 2010. № 7. С. 111–133.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vlasov S. A., Ponomarenko A. A. Rol’ byudzhetnoy politiki v usloviyakh finansovo-ekonomicheskogo krizisa [The Role of Fiscal Policy at the Time of Financial Crisis]. Zhurnal Novoy ekonomicheskoy assotsiatsii [Journal of the New Economic Association], 2010, no. 7, pp. 111-133. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вотинов А. И., Станкевич И. П. VAR-подход к оценке эффективности мер фискального стимулирования экономики // Финансовый журнал. 2017. № 6. С. 64–74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Votinov A. I., Stankevich I. P. VAR-podkhod k otsenke effektivnosti mer fiskal’nogo stimu- lirovaniya ekonomiki [VAR Approach to Efficiency Evaluation of Fiscal Economy Encouragement Measures]. Finansovyy zhurnal [Financial Journal], 2017, no. 6, pp. 64-74. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зяблицкий И. Е. Оценка фискальных мультипликаторов в российской экономике // Экономический журнал Высшей школы экономики. 2020. Т. 24. № 2. С. 268–294. DOI: 10.17323/1813-8691-2020-24-2-268-294.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zyablitskiy I. E. Otsenka fiskal’nykh mul’tiplikatorov v rossiyskoy ekonomike [Estimating Fiscal Multipliers in Russian Economy]. Ekonomicheskiy zhurnal Vysshey shkoly ekonomiki [HSE Economic Journal], 2020, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 268-294. DOI: 10.17323/1813-8691-202024-2-268-294. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кудрин А. Л., Кнобель А. Ю. Бюджетная политика как источник экономического рос- та // Вопросы экономики. 2017. № 10. С. 5–26. DOI: 10.32609/0042-8736-2017-10-5-26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kudrin A. L., Knobel A. Yu. Byudzhetnaya politika kak istochnik ekonomicheskogo rosta [Fiscal Policy as a Source of Economic Growth]. Voprosy ekonomiki , 2017, no. 10, pp. 5-26. DOI: 10.32609/0042-8736-2017-10-5-26. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Полбин А. В. Анализ фискальных мультипликаторов для российской экономики на основе DSGE-модели с предпочтениями Яймовича и Ребело // Экономическая политика. 2024. Т. 19. № 6. С. 82–119. DOI: 10.18288/1994-5124-2024-6-82-119.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polbin A. V. Analiz fiskal’nykh mul’tiplikatorov dlya rossiyskoy ekonomiki na osnove DSGE-modeli s predpochteniyami Yaymovicha i Rebelo [Analyzing Fiscal Multipliers in the Russian Federation Using a DSGE Model With Jaimovich-Rebelo Preferences]. Ekonomi- cheskaya politika [Economic Policy], 2024, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 82-119. DOI: 10.18288/19945124-2024-6-82-119. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bernanke B., Blinder A. The Federal Funds Rate and the Channels of Monetary Transmis- sion // The American Economic Review. 1992. Vol. 82(4). P. 901–921.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bernanke B., Blinder A. The Federal Funds Rate and the Channels of Monetary Transmission. The American Economic Review, 1992, vol. 82(4), pp. 901-921.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blanchard O., Perotti R. An Empirical Characterization of the Dynamic Effects of Changes in Government Spending and Taxes on Output // The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 2002. Vol. 117. No 4. P. 1329–1368. DOI: 10.1162/003355302320935043.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blanchard O., Perotti R. An Empirical Characterization of the Dynamic Effects of Changes in Government Spending and Taxes on Output. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2002, vol. 117, no. 4, pp. 1329-1368. DOI: 10.1162/003355302320935043.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boiciuc I. The Effects of Fiscal Policy Shocks in Romania. A SVAR Approach // Procedia Economics and Finance. 2015. No 32(1). P. 1131–1139. DOI: 10.1016/S22125671(15)01578-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boiciuc I. The Effects of Fiscal Policy Shocks in Romania. A SVAR Approach. Procedia Economics and Finance, 2015, no. 32(1), pp. 1131-1139. DOI: 10.1016/S2212-5671(15)01578-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cochrane J. H. Long‐Term Debt and Optimal Policy in the Fiscal Theory of the Price Level // Econometrica. 2001. Vol. 69. No 1. P. 69–116. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.224441.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cochrane J. H. Long‐Term Debt and Optimal Policy in the Fiscal Theory of the Price Level. Econometrica, 2001, vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 69-116. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.224441.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cochrane J. The Fiscal Theory of the Price Level. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cochrane J. The Fiscal Theory of the Price Level. Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 2023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D’Alessandro A., Fella G., Melosi L. Fiscal Stimulus With Learning‐By‐Doing // International Economic Review. 2019. Vol. 60. No 3. P. 1413–1432. DOI: 10.1111/iere.12391.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D’Alessandro A., Fella G., and Melosi L. Fiscal Stimulus With Learning‐By‐Doing. International Economic Review, 2019, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 1413-1432. DOI: 10.1111/iere.12391.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fedelino A., Ivanova A., Horton M. A. Computing Cyclically-Adjusted Balances and Automatic Stabilizers. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund. 2009. No 2009/05. DOI: 10.5089/9781462359622.005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedelino A., Ivanova A., Horton M. A. Computing Cyclically-Adjusted Balances and Automatic Stabilizers. Washington, DC, International Monetary Fund, 2009, no. 2009/05. DOI: 10.5089/9781462359622.005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferrara L., Metelli L., Natoli F., Siena D. Questioning the Puzzle: Fiscal Policy, Real Exchange Rate and Inflation // Journal of International Economics. 2021. Vol. 133. Article 103524. DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2021.103524.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferrara L. Metelli L., Natoli F., Siena D. Questioning the Puzzle: Fiscal Policy, Real Exchange Rate and Inflation. Journal of International Economics, 2021, vol. 133, article 103524. DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2021.103524.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jordà Ò., Schularick M., Taylor A. Betting the House // Journal of International Economics. 2015. Vol. 96. P. 2–18. DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2014.12.011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jordà Ò., Schularick M., Taylor A. Betting the House. Journal of International Economics, 2015, vol. 96, pp. 2-18. DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2014.12.011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jørgensen P. L., Ravn S. H. The Inflation Response to Government Spending Shocks: A Fiscal Price Puzzle? // European Economic Review. 2022. Vol. 141. Article 103982. DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2021.103982.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jørgensen P. L., Ravn S. H. The Inflation Response to Government Spending Shocks: A Fiscal Price Puzzle? European Economic Review, 2022, vol. 141, article 103982. DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2021.103982.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leeper E. M. Equilibria Under “Active” and “Passive” Monetary and Fiscal Policies // Journal of Monetary Economics. 1991. Vol. 27(1). P. 129–147.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leeper E. M. Equilibria Under “Active” and “Passive” Monetary and Fiscal Policies. Journal of Monetary Economics, 1991, vol. 27(1), pp. 129-147.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Medlin A. Federal Reserve Monetary Policy and Wealth Inequality: An InstrumentalVariable Local Projections Approach. Preprint 2023. October. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4650805.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Medlin A. Federal Reserve Monetary Policy and Wealth Inequality: An Instrumental-Variable Local Projections Approach. Preprint 2023, October. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4650805.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mertens K., Ravn M. The Dynamic Effects of Personal and Corporate Income Tax Changes in the United States // American Economic Review. 2013. Vol. 103(4). P. 1212–1247. DOI: 10.1257/aer.103.4.1212.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mertens K., Ravn M. The Dynamic Effects of Personal and Corporate Income Tax Changes in the United States. American Economic Review, 2013, vol. 103(4), pp. 1212-1247. DOI: 10.1257/aer.103.4.1212.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mountford A., Uhlig H. What Are the Effects of Fiscal Policy Shocks? // Journal of Applied Econometrics. 2009. Vol. 24. No 6. P. 960–992. DOI: 10.1002/jae.1079.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mountford A., Uhlig H. What Are the Effects of Fiscal Policy Shocks? Journal of Applied Econometrics, 2009, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 960-992. DOI: 10.1002/jae.1079.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palley T. Keynesian, Classical and New Keynesian Approaches to Fiscal Policy: Comparison And Critique // Review of Political Economy. 2013. Vol. 25(2). P. 179–204. DOI: 10.1080/09538259.2013.775821.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palley T. Keynesian, Classical and New Keynesian Approaches to Fiscal Policy: Comparison and Critique. Review of Political Economy, 2013, vol. 25(2), pp. 179-204. DOI: 10.1080/09538259.2013.775821.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perotti R. Estimating the Effects of Fiscal Policy in OECD Countries. San Francisco, CA: Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, 2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perotti R. Estimating the Effects of Fiscal Policy in OECD Countries. San Francisco, CA, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, 2005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Philip R., Janssen J. Indicators of Fiscal Impulse for New Zealand. Treasury Working Paper Series 02/30. Wellington: New Zealand Treasury, 2002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Philip R., Janssen J. Indicators of Fiscal Impulse for New Zealand. Treasury Working Paper Series 02/30. Wellington, New Zealand Treasury, 2002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ramey V. A. Identifying Government Spending Shocks: It’s All in the Timing // The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 2011. Vol. 126. No 1. P. 1–50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ramey V. A. Identifying Government Spending Shocks: It’s All in the Timing. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2011, vol. 126, no. 1, pp. 1-50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ricco G., Callegari G., Cimadomo J. Signals From the Government: Policy Disagreement and the Transmission of Fiscal Shocks // Journal of Monetary Economics. 2016. Vol. 82. P. 107–118. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoneco.2016.07.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ricco G., Callegari G., Cimadomo J. Signals From the Government: Policy Disagreement and the Transmission of Fiscal Shocks. Journal of Monetary Economics, 2016, vol. 82, pp. 107-118. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoneco.2016.07.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stock J. H., Watson M. W. Disentangling the Channels of the 2007-2009 Recession // Brookings Papers on Economic Activity. 2012. Vol. 43. No 1. P. 81–156. DOI: 10.1353/eca.2012.0005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stock J. H., Watson M. W. Disentangling the Channels of the 2007-2009 Recession. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2012, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 81-156. DOI: 10.1353/eca.2012.0005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stock J., Watson M. Identification and Estimation of Dynamic Causal Effects in Macroeconomics Using External Instruments // The Economic Journal. 2018. Vol. 128. No 610. P. 917–948. DOI: 10.1111/ecoj.12593.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stock J., Watson M. Identification and Estimation of Dynamic Causal Effects in Macroeconomics Using External Instruments. The Economic Journal, 2018, vol. 128, no. 610, pp. 917-948. DOI: 10.1111/ecoj.12593.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Murphy P. L.,Villafuerte M., Ossowski R. Riding the Roller Coaster: Fiscal Policies of Nonrenewable Resource Exporters in Latin America and the Caribbean. IMF Working Paper 10(251). 2010. DOI: 10.5089/9781455209514.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murphy P. L.,Villafuerte M., Ossowski R. Riding the Roller Coaster: Fiscal Policies of Nonrenewable Resource Exporters in Latin America and the Caribbean. IMF, Working Paper 10(251), 2010. DOI: 10.5089/9781455209514.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vladkova-Hollar I., Zettelmeyer J. Fiscal Positions in Latin America: Have They Really Improved? IMF Working Paper 08(137). 2008. DOI: 10.5089/9781451869965.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vladkova-Hollar I., Zettelmeyer J. Fiscal Positions in Latin America: Have They Really Improved? IMF, Working Paper 08(137), 2008. DOI: 10.5089/9781451869965.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
