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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecpolicy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5124</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-2658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Economic Policy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18288/1994-5124-2022-3-8-43</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecpolicy-54</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Отраслевая экономика</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Sectoral Economics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Опыт реформ электроэнергетики в контексте экономической теории</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Electricity Sector Reform Experience in the Context of Economic Theory</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2849-4674</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вымятнина</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vymyatnina</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Викторовна Вымятнина - кандидат экономических наук, доцент</p><p>191187, Санкт-Петербург, Гагаринская ул., 6/1, А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia V. Vymyatnina - Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Associate Professor</p><p>at St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yv@eu.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3286-0959</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карасева</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karaseva</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Николаевна Карасева - аспирант</p><p>191187, Санкт-Петербург, Гагаринская ул., 6/1, А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina N. Karaseva - Doctoral Student</p><p>at St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ekaraseva@eu.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0286-1034</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Слоев</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sloev</surname><given-names>I. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игорь Анатольевич Слоев - кандидат экономических наук, доцент</p><p>191187, Санкт-Петербург, Гагаринская ул., 6/1, А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor А. Sloev - Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Associate Professor</p><p>at St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sia@eu.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Европейский университет в Санкт-Петербурге</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>European University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Европейский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>European University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Вымятнина Ю.В., Карасева Е.Н., Слоев И.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вымятнина Ю.В., Карасева Е.Н., Слоев И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vymyatnina Y.V., Karaseva E.N., Sloev I.А.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/54">https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/54</self-uri><abstract><p>История реформ в электроэнергетике насчитывает около сорока лет и охватывает значительное количество стран. По мере накопления опыта в проведении реформ и анализе их эффективности менялись как практические подходы к организации реформ, так и теоретические обоснования отдельных их элементов. Целью работы является анализ основных элементов реформ электроэнергетики в контексте их теоретического обоснования, ожидаемых в теории и полученных на практике результатов, а также эволюции подхода к реформированию отрасли электроэнергетики с учетом приобретаемого опыта. В работе приведены классификации моделей реформ в электроэнергетике и обзор релевантной исследовательской литературы, проведен анализ опыта реформирования в различных секторах электроэнергетики, приватизации и введении конкуренции в генерации, исследованы роль оптовых рынков и меры против злоупотребления рыночной силой, способы обеспечения достаточного уровня инвестиций в генерацию, различные формы организации системного оператора в сегменте передачи электроэнергии, значение и вопросы эффективного функционирования розничных рынков. Отдельно рассматривается вопрос о влиянии развития возобновляемых источников энергии на оптимальную структуру отрасли. Проведенный анализ показывает многообразие подходов к проведению реформ в электроэнергетике. Основные элементы реформ (разделение компаний по видам деятельности, реструктуризация и введение конкуренции в генерации, создание независимого системного оператора) были схожи во многих странах. Однако практическая реализация этих элементов, их последовательность и сложившиеся в итоге организационные структуры отраслей значительно варьировались. По мнению авторов, не существует единственной эффективной схемы реформ, в каждой стране они имели свои особенности. Опыт показывает, что реформа электроэнергетики ни в одной стране никогда не заканчивается, поскольку технологические и социальные изменения требуют постоянного пересмотра принципов функционирования рынков электроэнергии и поиска более эффективных механизмов управления всеми сегментами отрасли.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>History of reforms in the electricity sector spans over 40 years and a large number of countries. Following acquired experience and its analysis, changes were seen both in approaches to reforms’ organization in practice and in the theoretical underpinning of various elements of reforms. The paper aims at analyzing the main elements of electricity sector reforms in the context of their theoretical grounding, theoretically expected results and those achieved in practice as well as evolution of electricity sector reform approaches accounting for acquired experience. In their paper the authors provide classification of electricity sector reform models and of relevant research literature, and analyze reform experience in different segments of the electricity sector, namely: privatization and introduction of competition in generation; wholesale markets and their role in preventing market power abuse; ways to ensure appropriate investments in generation; various legal forms of system operators in energy transmission; and importance and questions of effective work of retail electricity markets. A separate section deals with the influence of renewables on optimal structure of the electricity sector. The analysis demonstrates a multiplicity of approaches to reforms of the electricity sector. Though the main elements of reforms (split of the sector into segments based on activities, restructuring and introduction of competition in generation, and creation of an independent system operator) were similar in many countries, realization of these elements in practice, their sequence and resulting organizational structures of the sector differed substantially. Thus, there is no unique most effective reform scheme—on the contrary, each country had its very own reform. The studied experience also suggests that electricity reform in any country has no end since social and technological changes demand constant reconsideration of the main principles of electricity markets, functioning in search of more effective and efficient mechanisms of management in all segments of the electricity sector.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>создание рынков</kwd><kwd>регулирование</kwd><kwd>международный опыт</kwd><kwd>естественные монополии</kwd><kwd>конкуренция</kwd><kwd>возобновляемые источники энергии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>market creation</kwd><kwd>regulation</kwd><kwd>international experience</kwd><kwd>natural monopoly</kwd><kwd>competition</kwd><kwd>renewable energy sources</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aboumahboub T., Schaber K., Tzscheutschler P., Hamacher T. 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