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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecpolicy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5124</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-2658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Economic Policy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18288/1994-5124-2026-1-186-219</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecpolicy-603</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Рецензии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О новой географии инноваций, или Как России победить в мировой гонке технологий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The New Geography of Innovation: How Can Russia Win the Global Technology Race?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1283-0362</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Земцов</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zemtsov</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Степан Петрович Земцов – доктор экономических наук, заведующий лабораторией исследований экономики развития, Институт прикладных экономических исследований </p><p>119571, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 82</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stepan P. Zemtsov, Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Head of the Development Economics Research Laboratory, Institute of Applied Economic Research </p><p>82, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zemtsov@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>186</fpage><lpage>219</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Земцов С.П., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Земцов С.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zemtsov S.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/603">https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/603</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье обсуждаются описанные в книге Мехрана Гула «Новая география инноваций: глобальная борьба за прорывные технологии» лучшие практики государственной политики по выращиванию компаний-«единорогов» и научные идеи, лежащие в ее основе. Гул вводит понятие «эмодзи-экономика» — новая стадия развития сосредоточивших «единорогов» глобальных инновационных хабов, таких как Кремниевая долина в США, дельта Янцзы в Китае, Лондон в Англии, для которых пиктограмма улыбающегося человека (эмодзи) может выступать символом формируемой там среды доверия, поддержки, креативности и самореализации. В новой гонке технологий, в частности за искусственный интеллект, выиграют те страны и регионы, которые смогут создать условия для возникновения подобных хабов с благоприятным деловым климатом, культурой созидания, сосредоточением предпринимательского капитала и эффективной инновационной системой. Ранее достижения Кремниевой долины в Калифорнии во многом были обеспечены сочетанием комфортных условий юго-западного побережья США, концентрации компетенций и инфраструктуры исследовательского университета (Стэнфорда), притока творческих профессионалов со всего мира, государственного финансирования научных исследований, в том числе оборонных, и их коммерциализации за счет госконтрактов, потока венчурных инвестиций и поддерживаемых ими стартапов. Это сделало возможным лидерство США в создании новых технологий, но засилие цифровых монополий, высокая стоимость жизни и токсичная корпоративная культура Калифорнии дают шанс инновационным центрам в Европе, Китае, Сингапуре и Южной Корее. На новом этапе их успех будет зависеть не только от качества исследований и изобретений, но и от возможностей быстрого воплощения научных идей в востребованных продуктах и сервисах, а ключевую роль может сыграть привлечение конструктивных предпринимателей, способных создавать с нуля и развивать потенциально растущие и долго существующие компании. Хабы «эмодзи-экономики» глобально конкурируют за таких предпринимателей, их фирмы, разработки и высококвалифицированных работников. Размышления над книгой Гула позволили подготовить ряд рекомендаций для России, особенно в рамках стоящих целей по достижению технологического лидерства.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The author takes Mehran Gul’s monograph, The New Geography of Innovation: The Global Contest for Breakthrough Technologies, as a point of departure to analyze the approaches Gul recommends for supporting unicorn companies as well as the scientific ideas behind his favored policies. Gul introduces the concept of the “emoji economy” — a new stage in the development of global innovation hubs, such as Silicon Valley in the United States, the Yangtze Delta in China, and London in the UK, where an environment of trust, support, creativity, and self-realization may be represented symbolically as a smiling face. In the new technology race and especially in pursuit of artificial intelligence, the winners will be those countries and regions that can create such hubs of unicorns by means of a favorable business climate, a culture of creativity, abundant human capital, and an effective innovation system, including supporting infrastructure and access to financing. Thus, the success of Silicon Valley in California was ensured by a combination of the favorable conditions of the southwest coast of the United States, the concentration of expertise and infrastructure at a research university (Stanford), an influx of students and creative professionals from around the world, government funding for scientific research including for defense, and the commercialization facilitated by a stream of government contracts, venture capital investment and the startups it supported. This ensured that the United States took the lead in creating new technologies. Nevertheless, the prevalence of digital monopolies, the high cost of living, and the toxic corporate culture of California offer an opportunity to new competing clusters in China, Europe, South Korea, and Singapore. In the next stage, success will depend less on the quality of research and inventions than on the ability to translate scientific ideas into sought-after products and services. Constructive entrepreneurship will be crucial in creating durable companies with high growth potential from scratch and then facilitating their long-term development. This means that emoji economy hubs are competing globally for that kind of entrepreneur, for their firms, and for highly skilled professionals. This line of thinking from Gul’s book has underpinned the author’s recommendations for Russia as the country heads toward its persistent goal of achieving technological leadership.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эмодзи-экономика</kwd><kwd>технологическое предпринимательство</kwd><kwd>стартапы</kwd><kwd>компании-единороги</kwd><kwd>инновационные кластеры</kwd><kwd>предпринимательские геосистемы</kwd><kwd>конструктивные предприниматели</kwd><kwd>технологическое лидерство</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>emoji economy</kwd><kwd>technological entrepreneurship</kwd><kwd>startups</kwd><kwd>unicorn companies</kwd><kwd>innovation clusters</kwd><kwd>scientific and technological policy</kwd><kwd>entrepreneurial geosystems</kwd><kwd>constructive entrepreneurs</kwd><kwd>technological leadership</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания РАНХиГС.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was carried out as part of a RANEPA state assignment.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аузан А. 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