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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecpolicy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5124</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-2658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Economic Policy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18288/1994-5124-2023-2-118-133</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecpolicy-70</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экономическая история</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Economic History</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Спорное дело о долге Анне Ивановне Умновой. Эпизод из финансовой истории большевиков (1907–1910)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Case of the Debt to Anna Ivanovna Umnova. An Episode in the Financial History of Bolshevism (1907–1910)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Биггарт</surname><given-names>Джон</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Biggart</surname><given-names>John</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Джон Биггарт, PhD,</p><p>Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>John Biggart, PhD, </p><p>Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pti_projects@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Восточной Англии</institution><country>Великобритания</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of East Anglia</institution><country>United Kingdom</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>118</fpage><lpage>133</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Биггарт Д., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Биггарт Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Biggart J.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/70">https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/70</self-uri><abstract><p>В годы эмиграции, последовавшие за неудачной революцией 1905 года и политическими репрессиями, усилившимися в 1907 году, большевистская и меньшевистская фракции РСДРП сталкивались с хроническими финансовыми трудностями. Сбор денег по подписке стал ненадежным источником средств, и обе фракции старались сохранить платежеспособность в том числе и за счет пожертвований и займов. Состояние финансов большевиков временно улучшилось после знаменитого ограбления отделения Госбанка в Тифлисе в июне 1907 года, а также благодаря наследству Николая Павловича Шмита, полученному большевиками в 1908–1911 годах. Во время совещания расширенной редакции «Пролетария» 21–30 июня 1909 года Конфликтная комиссия рассмотрела вопрос о займе, выданном Анной Ивановной Умновой при посредничестве Леонида Красина Большевистскому центру в 1907 году, и рекомендовала погасить этот долг. Однако из-за раскола большевистской фракции полная выплата задержалась до 1910 года, когда долг был погашен не «левыми большевиками» и не группой Ленина, а Загранбюро временно объединенной РСДРП. Дело о долге Умновой дает лучшее понимание того, как большевики управляли своими финансами, помогает объяснить разрыв в отношениях между Красиным и Лениным и показывает, до какой степени Ленин был готов игнорировать коллективно принятые решения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>During the years in emigration that followed the abortive revolution of 1905 and the political repression that accelerated during 1907, the Bolshevik and Menshevik fractions of the RSDRP experienced chronic financial difficulties. Subscriptions became an unreliable source of income and the fractions would attempt to maintain solvency by, inter alia, obtaining donations and loans from benefactors. In June 1907 the notorious robbery at the Tiflis State Bank made for a temporary improvement in the finances of the Bolsheviks, as did the bequest of Nikolay Pavlovich Shmit, income from which was acquired during the years 1908–1911. During the “Meeting of the Expanded Editorial Board of Proletariy” of 21–30 June 1909, a Conflict Commission considered the matter of a loan that had been granted to the Bolshevik Centre in 1907 by Anna Ivanovna Umnova through the agency of Leonid Krasin, and recommended that the loan should be repaid. However, schism in the Bolshevik fraction delayed full repayment until 1910, when the debt was redeemed not by the “Left Bolsheviks” or by the Lenin group, but by the Foreign Bureau (ZBTsK) of a temporarily “united” RSDRP. The case of Umnova provides insight into how the Bolsheviks managed their finances; helps to explain the breakdown in relations between Krasin and Lenin; and illustrates the extent to which Lenin was prepared to disregard collective decision making.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Большевистский центр</kwd><kwd>Богданов</kwd><kwd>Красин</kwd><kwd>Ленин</kwd><kwd>РСДРП</kwd><kwd>Рыков</kwd><kwd>Таратута</kwd><kwd>Умнова</kwd><kwd>Зиновьев</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Bolshevik Centre</kwd><kwd>Bogdanov</kwd><kwd>Krasin</kwd><kwd>Lenin</kwd><kwd>RSDRP</kwd><kwd>Rykov</kwd><kwd>Taratuta</kwd><kwd>Umnova</kwd><kwd>Zinoviev</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Агафонов В. К. Заграничная охранка. Сост. по секретным документам Заграничной агентуры и Департамента полиции. 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