ecpolicyЭкономическая политикаEconomic Policy1994-51242411-2658Economic Policy10.18288/1994-5124-2022-1-34-63ecpolicy-72Research ArticleЦифровая экономикаDigital EconomyЦифровизация и эффект масштаба в деятельности НКО в РоссииDigitalization and the Economies of Scale in Russian NPOshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4660-200XФилипповаА. В.PhilippovaA. V.

Анна Викторовна Филиппова, младший научный сотрудник Центра исследований гражданского общества и некоммерческого сектора

101000, Москва, Мясницкая ул., 20

Anna V. Philippova, Junior Researcher, Centre for Studies of Civil Society and the Nonprofit Sector

20, Myasnitskaya ul., Moscow, 101000

avfilippova@hse.ruНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»РоссияHSE UniversityaRussian Federation2022280220221713463Copyright © Филиппова А.В., 20222022Филиппова А.В.Philippova A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/72

Эффект масштаба — снижение средних издержек по мере роста деятельности — наблюдается не только в коммерческих, но и в некоммерческих организациях. Однако последние имеют специфику, которая может повлиять на принятие решения о расширении масштаба оказываемых услуг. Большинство исследований показывают наличие эффекта масштаба в деятельности НКО. Сейчас он изменяется под влиянием развития цифровых технологий. Тем не менее исследователи в России, рассматривая эффект масштаба, прежде всего анализируют последствия, к которым он приводит в различных сферах экономической деятельности, а также показывают возможности использования получаемой от него экономии. Вопросы наличия эффекта масштаба в деятельности НКО в России и влияния на него цифровизации изучены недостаточно. Статья призвана восполнить эти пробелы. Для анализа используются данные Мониторинга состояния гражданского общества, который проводится Центром исследований гражданского общества и некоммерческого сектора НИУ ВШЭ, за 2017 и 2018 годы. Эти данные свидетельствуют о широком использовании некоммерческими организациями цифровых технологий. Результаты оценки логарифмической модели методами наименьших квадратов и робастной регрессии показывают значимый эффект масштаба в НКО. В одной из спецификаций модели наблюдается положительнуая связь между использованием организацией цифровых технологий и ее издержками. Связь между эффектом масштаба и цифровизацией НКО не выявлена. Автор не находит подтверждения существованию в России эффекта обучения — сокращения издержек за счет накопления опыта оказания услуг с течением времени. Полученные результаты подчеркивают значимость поддержки небольших некоммерческих организаций, а также помощи НКО в процессе освоения ими цифровых технологий. 

Economies of scale, or the reduction of the average costs as a result of the organization’s growth, can be observed not only in for-profit but also in non-profit organizations. Non-profit organizations have certain characteristics that can influence their decisions on expanding their scale of services. Numerous studies point at the presence of economies of scale in NPOs. Today, economies of scale are changing under the influence of digital technologies. Researchers in Russia who study economies of scale, first of all, analyze their effect on various spheres of the economy, and also show the possibilities of their application. Economies of scale and the impact of digitalization on this effect in Russian NPOs have not yet been investigated enough. This article intends to fill in these gaps. For the analysis, data from the Monitoring the Status of Civil Society research conducted by the Centre for Studies of Civil Society and the Nonprofit Sector (HSE) in 2017 and 2018 were used. The analysis elucidates the widespread use of digital technologies by non-profit organizations. The results of the logarithmic model evaluation with the least squares method and robust regression method show that there are significant economies of scale in NPOs. There are no connections between economies of scale and digitalization in NPOs. The author did not obtain any evidence of the existence of economies of learning—i.e., the reduction of the average costs as a result of gaining experience in providing services over time—in Russian NPOs. The results emphasize the importance of supporting small non-profit organizations and assisting non-profit organizations in the process of mastering digital technologies. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.