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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecpolicy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5124</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-2658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Economic Policy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18288/1994-5124-2020-1-8-39</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecpolicy-739</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экономическая методология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Economic Methodology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Кто такой Homo oeconomicus?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Who Is Homo Oeconomicus?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Капелюшников</surname><given-names>Р. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kapeliushnikov</surname><given-names>R. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ростислав Исаакович Капелюшников —  член-корреспондент РАН, главный научный сотрудник; заместитель директора Центра трудовых исследований,</p><p>117997, Москва, Профсоюзная ул., 23;</p><p>103074, Москва, Славянская пл., 4/2.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rostislav I. Kapeliushnikov, Corresponding Member of the RAS,</p><p>23, Profsoyuznaya ul., Moscow, 117997;</p><p>4/2, Slavyanskaya pl., Moscow, 103074.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rostis@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский институт мировой экономики и международных  отношений (ИМЭМО РАН) им. Е. М. Примакова; НИУ «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, RAS; National Research University Higher School of Economics, Centre for Labour Market Studies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Капелюшников Р.И., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Капелюшников Р.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kapeliushnikov R.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/739">https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/739</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе прослеживаются исторические корни концепта «человек экономический» и анализируются методологические предпосылки, лежащие в основе модели рационального выбора, традиционно составлявшей «твердое ядро» экономического подхода к человеческому поведению. Выражение Homo oeconomicus было введено в конце XIX века в Великобритании критиками политической экономии, с тем чтобы на терминологическом уровне зафиксировать явную нереалистичность выработанных ею представлений о человеке и человеческом поведении. Однако экономисты достаточно быстро апроприировали этот концепт, сделав его оценочно нейтральным и начав использовать в собственных аналитических целях. При этом они с самого начала понимали, что это не более чем абстрактная концептуальная схема, не способная претендовать на дескриптивный реализм. Соответственно, критика этой модели со стороны социологов, антропологов и психологов чаще всего оказывалась несостоятельной по причине смешения ими понятий «аналитический конструкт» и «антропологический тип». Специальное внимание в статье уделено превращению современной экономической науки из монопарадигмальной в мультипарадигмальную и появлению в ней множества альтернативных моделей человека. В этом контексте обсуждаются традиционная («узкая») версия Homo oeconomicus’a, его расширенная (беккерианская) версия, поведенческая экономика, нейроэкономика, геноэкономика. Концепция человека, из которой исходит экономическая наука, сравнивается также с концепциями человека, эксплицитно или имплицитно присутствующими в других социальных дисциплинах. Автор приходит к выводу, что в «снятом» виде конвенциональный Homo oeconomicus остается точкой отсчета даже для новейших экономических и психологических исследований, в которых он подвергается разнообразным формам деконструкции.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper traces the historical roots of the concept “economic man”, and reveals the main methodological characteristics of the rational choice model, which traditionally constituted the “hard core” of the economic approach to human behavior. The phrase Homo oeconomicus was coined in Great Britain at the end of the 19th century by critics of political economy in order to fix at the terminological level the apparent unrealisticness of the ideas the latter had developed about human being and human behavior. However, economists quickly appropriated this concept, making it neutral and starting to use it for their own analytical purposes. At the same time, they understood from the very beginning that it was nothing more than an abstract conceptual scheme, incapable of claiming descriptive realism. Accordingly, its criticism by sociologists, anthropologists and psychologists most often turned out to be untenable due to their erroneous confusion of the concepts of “analytical construct” and “anthropological type”. Next, the paper highlights the transformation of modern economics from a mono-paradigmatic into a multi-paradigmatic discipline, and the emergence within it of numerous competing models of man. In this context, several incarnations of Homo oeconomicus are discussed: the traditional (“narrow”) version; the extended (Beckerian) version; behavioral economics; neuroeconomics; and genoeconomics. The paper also provides a comparative analysis of different perceptions of man intrinsic to economics and sister social sciences. The author concludes that, in its modified and truncated form, the conventional Homo oeconomicus remains a reference point even for the latest studies in economics and psychology, where it is subject to various deconstructions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Homo oeconomicus</kwd><kwd>экономическая методология</kwd><kwd>теория рационального выбора</kwd><kwd>поведенческая экономика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Homo oeconomicus</kwd><kwd>methodology of economics</kwd><kwd>rational choice</kwd><kwd>behavioral economics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Автономов В. С. Модель человека в экономической науке. СПб.: Экономическая школа, 1998.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avtonomov V. S. Model’ cheloveka v ekonomicheskoy nauke [The Model of Man in Economic Sciences]. 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