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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecpolicy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5124</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-2658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Economic Policy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18288/1994-5124-2020-1-64-89</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecpolicy-745</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экономическая социология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Economic sociology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Неравенство возможностей: теория и практика измерения на микроданных RLMS-HSE</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Inequality of Opportunity: Theory and Practice of Measurement Using RLMS-HSE Microdata</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ибрагимова</surname><given-names>З. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ibragimova</surname><given-names>Z. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зульфия Фануровна Ибрагимова — кандидат экономических наук, доцент кафедры инновационной  экономики Института экономики, финансов и бизнеса,</p><p>450076, Уфа, ул. Заки Валиди, 32.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zulfiya F. Ibragimova, Cand. Sci. (Econ.),</p><p>32, Zaki Validi ul., Ufa, 450076.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">badertdinova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Франц</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frants</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марина Валерьевна Франц — кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры экономики предпринимательства Института экономики и управления,</p><p>450000, Уфа, ул. К. Маркса, 12.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Frants, Cand. Sci. (Tech.),</p><p>12, Karla Marksa ul., Ufa, 450000.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tan-Marina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Башкирский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State University, Institute of Economics, Finance and Business</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уфимский государственный авиационный технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Economics and Management, Ufa State Aviation Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>89</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ибрагимова З.Ф., Франц М.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ибрагимова З.Ф., Франц М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ibragimova Z.F., Frants M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/745">https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/745</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящем исследовании оценивается неравенство возможностей в Российской Федерации. Оценка сделана с применением непараметрического подхода. Анализ базируется на данных двадцатой волны Российского мониторинга экономического положения и здоровья населения НИУ ВШЭ, представляющего собой серию ежегодных общенациональных репрезентативных опросов. Пол, образование родителей и тип населенного пункта, где родился индивид, были отобраны в качестве факторов-обстоятельств. Доход и заработная плата применялись как измерители индивидуальных достижений. Сформированная в работе выборка ограничивалась индивидами в возрасте 26–60 лет в силу их активности на рынке труда преимущественно в этом возрастном интервале. Расчеты выполнялись на основе двух разновидностей непараметрического подхода — упреждающего (ex-ante), основанного на критерии «минимум среди средних», и постфактумного (ex-post), базирующегося на критерии «средний по минимумам». Для оценки устойчивости результатов к выбору индекса неравенства использовались L-индекс Тейла, T-индекс Тейла и индексы Аткинсона A(1) и А(2). Установлено, что при применении L-индекса Тейла в качестве меры неравенства вклад неравенства возможностей в неравенство заработной платы составляет 18–24%, а в неравенство индивидуального дохода — 12–21% (в зависимости от особенностей процедуры оценивания). Оценки, полученные с использованием ex-post подхода, выше, чем с использованием ex-ante подхода. Поскольку в исследовании учитывалось ограниченное число факторов-обстоятельств, следует считать, что проведенный анализ позволил оценить нижнюю границу вклада неравенства возможностей в неравенство доходов и заработной платы в Российской Федерации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper measures the opportunity inequality in the Russian Federation using a non-parametric approach. The paper uses data from the 20th round of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey — Higher School of Economics, which is a series of annual nation-wide representative surveys. Gender; type of township where the respondent was born; and educational status of the respondent’s parents were used as circumstance factors. The respondent’s income and earnings were chosen as the individual achievements. Calculations were made using two versions of the non-parametric approach: ex-ante, based on the “Min of Means” criterion, and ex-post, based on the “Mean of Mins” criterion. Several inequality indices, including Theil L index, Theil T index, and Atkinson’s A(1) and A(2) indices, were used in order to test the measurement reliability. According to the results obtained by our research team, in Russia, the contribution of opportunity inequality to earnings inequality is 18–24%, depending on the measurement procedure. The contribution of opportunity inequality to income inequality is somewhat less, 12–21%. The estimates obtained using the ex-post approach are higher than those using the ex-ante approach. Given that a limited number of circumstance factors were used in the research, it should be considered that the analysis performed allowed us to estimate the lower bound of the contribution of inequality of opportunities to the inequality of income and earnings in the Russian Federation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неравенство возможностей</kwd><kwd>неравенство индивидуальных достижений</kwd><kwd>фак торы-усилия</kwd><kwd>факторы-обстоятельства</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>inequality of opportunity</kwd><kwd>inequality of individual achievements</kwd><kwd>effort factors</kwd><kwd>circumstance factors</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке гранта Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований (проект № 19-010-00453).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аткинсон Э. 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