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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecpolicy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5124</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-2658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Economic Policy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18288/1994-5124-2026-3-112-151</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecpolicy-772</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОРПОРАТИВНОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CORPORATE GOVERNANCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Квазинезависимые директора в российских публичных компаниях: постановка проблемы и оценка ее масштаба</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Quasi-Independent Directors in Russian Publicly Traded Companies: Defining the Problem and Assessing Its Scale</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8936-2582</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муравьев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muravyev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Александрович Муравьев, PhD (Econ.), доцент департамента экономики, ведущий научный сотрудник Центра теории рынков и пространственной экономики, Санкт-Петербургская школа экономики и менеджмента; научный сотрудник</p><p>194100, Санкт-Петербург, Кантемировская ул., 3а  </p><p>5–9, Schaumburg-Lippe-Str., D-53113, Bonn</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Muravyev, PhD (Econ.), Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Lead Research Fellow, Center for Market Studies and Spatial Economics, School of Economics and Management</p><p>3A, Kantemirovskaya ul., Saint Petersburg, 194100  </p><p>5–9, Schaumburg-Lippe-Str., Bonn, D-53113       </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">amuravyev@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3361-7847</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Камбаралиева</surname><given-names>К. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kambaralieva</surname><given-names>K. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Касиет Маратовна Камбаралиева, Аспирант департамента экономики, преподаватель департамента финансов, младший научный сотрудник Центра теории рынков и пространственной экономики, Санкт-Петербургская школа экономики и менеджмента</p><p>194100, Санкт-Петербург, Кантемировская ул., 3а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kasiet M. Kambaralieva, Post-Graduate Student at the Department of Economics, Lecturer at the Department of Finance, Junior Research Fellow, Center for Market Studies and Spatial Economics, School of Economics and Management  </p><p>3A, Kantemirovskaya ul., Saint Petersburg, 194100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k.kambaralieva@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» в Санкт-Петербурге; &#13;
IZA — Institute of Labor Economics</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>HSE University Saint Petersburg; &#13;
Research Fellow, IZA Institute of Labor Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» в Санкт-Петербурге</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>HSE University Saint Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>112</fpage><lpage>151</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Муравьев А.А., Камбаралиева К.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Муравьев А.А., Камбаралиева К.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Muravyev A.A., Kambaralieva K.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/772">https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/772</self-uri><abstract><p>Количество/доля независимых директоров — ключевая характеристика совета директоров, регулируемая в большинстве юрисдикций. С концептуальной точки зрения независимыми являются директора, не имеющие (помимо членства в совете директоров) никаких отношений с компанией, ее акционерами и контрагентами. На практике концепция независимости представляет собой перечень запретов — требований к тому, кем независимый директор не может быть, и этот перечень, как правило, устанавливается регуляторами в соответствующих документах. Но насколько эти критерии соблюдаются компаниями при формировании советов директоров? Цель работы — оценить масштаб неверной классификации независимых директоров в российских компаниях, сопоставить характеристики квазинезависимых и истинно независимых директоров, получить представление о детерминантах назначения квазинезависимых директоров в советы. Работа опирается на 20-процентную выборку из российских публичных компаний за 2009–2020 годы, стратифицированную по годам, отраслям и уровню листинга на Московской бирже (596 компаний-годов). К данным применены методы дескриптивного, статистического и эконометрического анализа. Обнаружено, что почти половина директоров, позиционируемых компаниями как независимые, в реальности не соответствуют основным критериям независимости (главным образом из-за связей с акционерами) и фактически являются квазинезависимыми. При этом истинно и квазинезависимые директора существенно различаются по полу, возрасту, гражданству. Выявлено, что доля истинно независимых директоров постепенно растет со временем, а вероятность появления квазинезависимых директоров в совете связана с факторами корпоративного управления (например, структурой собственности) и результатами деятельности компании в предшествующий период. В частности, она оказывается выше у компаний, показавших плохие финансовые результаты (ROA) в год, предшествующий выборам совета. Полученные результаты имеют практическую значимость для регуляторов, бирж и инвесторов, заинтересованных в повышении качества корпоративного управления и достоверности раскрываемой информации. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The number or proportion of independent directors is a key characteristic of corporate boards that is regulated in most jurisdictions. As a concept, independent directors have no relationship with the company other than board membership. In practice, independence is operationalized through regulatory criteria that determine who qualifies as an independent director. But to what extent do companies comply with these criteria? This paper assesses the scale of independent director misclassification in Russian companies, compares the characteristics of quasi-independent and truly independent directors, and examines the factors determining election of quasi-independent directors. The authors employed descriptive, statistical and econometric methods on a 20% stratified sample of Russian publicly traded companies from 2009 to 2020 (596 company-years). Nearly half of the directors designated as independent fail to meet key independence criteria (mainly due to ties with shareholders) and are in fact quasi-independent. Truly independent and quasi-independent directors differ significantly in gender, age and citizenship. The share of truly independent directors has been gradually increasing over time. The likelihood with which quasi-independent directors are appointed to boards is linked to corporate governance factors (e.g., ownership structure) and prior company performance. In particular, firms with poor return on assets (ROA) in the year preceding board elections tend to select quasi-independent board members. These findings should be useful for regulators, exchanges, and investors seeking to improve corporate governance and reliability of disclosures.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>независимые директора</kwd><kwd>корпоративное управление</kwd><kwd>критерии независимости</kwd><kwd>публичные компании России</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>independent directors</kwd><kwd>corporate governance</kwd><kwd>independence criteria</kwd><kwd>Russian public companies</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование осуществлено в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований НИУ ВШЭ.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This article is an output of a research project implemented as part of the Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Березинец И. 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