ecpolicyЭкономическая политикаEconomic Policy1994-51242411-2658Economic Policy10.18288/1994-5124-2022-2-62-87ecpolicy-83Research ArticleРЫНОК ТРУДАLABOR MARKETОценки трудовой миграции пилотов в контексте государственной авиационной политикиAssessment of Pilots’ Labor Migration in the Context of State Aviation Policyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0792-839XФокеевМ. А.FokeevM. A.

Максим Александрович Фокеев, Аспирант

101000, Москва, Мясницкая ул., 20

Maxim A. Fokeev, Doctoral Student

20, Myasnitskaya ul., Moscow, 101000

fokeev.maxim@ya.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1490-779XРужанскаяЛ. С.RuzhanskayaL. S.

Людмила Станиславовна Ружанская, Доцент

620002, Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19

Liudmila S. Ruzhanskaya, Professor

19, Mira ul., Yekaterinburg, 620002

l.s.ruzhanskaya@urfu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2193-1619ПушкаревА. А.PushkarevA. A.

Андрей Александрович Пушкарев, Старший преподаватель

620002, Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19

Andrey A. Pushkarev, Senior Lecturer

19, Mira ul., Yekaterinburg, 620002

a.a.pushkarev@urfu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0736-1533ЛукьяновС. А.LukyanovS. A.

Сергей Александрович Лукьянов, Профессор

109542, Москва, Рязанский пр., 99

119454, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 76

Sergey A. Lukyanov, Professor

99, Ryazanskiy pr., Moscow, 109542

76, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119454

s.lukyanov@mail.ruНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»РоссияNational Research University Higher School of EconomicsRussian FederationУральский федеральный университет им. первого президента России Б. Н. ЕльцинаРоссияUral Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. YeltsinRussian FederationГосударственный университет управления; Московский государственный институт международных отношений (МГИМО) МИД РФРоссияState University of Management; Moscow State Institute of International RelationsRussian Federation2022280420221726287Copyright © Фокеев М.А., Ружанская Л.С., Пушкарев А.А., Лукьянов С.А., 20222022Фокеев М.А., Ружанская Л.С., Пушкарев А.А., Лукьянов С.А.Fokeev M.A., Ruzhanskaya L.S., Pushkarev A.A., Lukyanov S.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/83

В  статье  рассматривается  одна  из  проблем  реализации  государственной  политики  в   области  развития внутристранового  пассажирского  авиасообщения  —  трудовая  миграция  российских  пилотов.  Авиационные  регуляторы  столкнулись  с   необходимостью  вписать  новые  модели  операционной  деятельности авиакомпаний, в   том числе в   области управления квалифицированными кадрами, в  приоритеты и   меры государственной политики в   области развития авиационного комплекса. Теоретическая база исследования основана на работах по трудовой миграции квалифицированных рабочих и   расширена отраслевыми публикациями по выбору и  смене компании-работодателя членами летного состава. Эмпирическая часть статьи  представляет  собой  исследовательский  кейс,  использующий  в   качестве  информационной  базы совокупность  количественных  и  качественных  источников  данных:  результаты  анкетирования  пилотов крупнейшей  российской  авиакомпании  «Аэрофлот  —  Российские  авиалинии»,  материалы  интервью с  экспертами  отрасли,  государственной  статистики  и  отраслевого  регулятора  Федерального  агентства воздушного  транспорта.  По  результатам  оценки  намерений  пилотов  «Аэрофлота»  сменить  компанию отмечено,  что  высокая  заработная  плата  на  новом  рабочем  месте  является  основным  мотивирующим фактором  международной  миграции,  потребность  же  в   карьерном  росте  стимулирует  пилотов  менять работу, но скорее внутри страны, чем за рубежом. Выявлена обратная U-образная зависимость между склонностью  к  трудовой  миграции  и   возрастом  пилота.  Настоящая  работа  восполняет  недостаток  исследований  в   области  особенностей  функционирования  компаний  в  такой  важной  инфраструктурной отрасли,  как  пассажирские  авиаперевозки.  Статья  вносит  вклад  в  исследования  авиационной  отрасли в  части условий устойчивого развития, а   также в  анализ факторов трудовой миграции представителей профессий с узкой квалификацией. Полученные в  исследовании выводы могут быть положены в  основу проектирования комплексных мер государственной политики по удержанию квалифицированных кадров в  российских  авиакомпаниях,  а  также  отдельных  дополнительных  исследований  трудового  поведения пилотов иных российских авиакомпаний.

The article deals with the problems of state policy implementation in the field of development of domestic passenger air traffic—pilots’ labor migration in Russian airlines. From the theoretical perspective, the research is based on papers about labor migration of skilled workers and, in addition, is expanded by industry publications on the selection and change of the employer company by flight crew members. Aviation regulators are faced with  a  serious  problem—the  need  to  fit  new  models  of  operating  activities  of  airlines  into  the  priorities  and measures of state policy in the field of aviation activities. The empirical part of the research is a case using a set of quantitative and qualitative data: the results of a pilots’ survey in the largest Russian airline Aeroflot, materials of interviews with industry experts, state statistics and the industry regulator of the Federal Air Transport Agency. According to the results of assessing intentions to change the company, high wages at a new workplace is the main motivating factor of international migration for Russian pilots. In addition, the need for career growth encourages pilots to change jobs, but rather at home than abroad. An inverse U-shaped dependence was revealed between the propensity for labor migration and the age of the pilot. The presented work makes up for the lack of research in the field of peculiarities of the functioning of companies in the important infrastructure industry of passenger air transport. The article contributes to the research of the aviation industry in terms of conditions of sustainable development, as well as to the analysis of factors of labor migration among representatives of professions with narrow qualifications. The conclusions obtained in the study can be used to create comprehensive state policy measures to retain qualified personnel in Russian airlines.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.