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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecpolicy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5124</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-2658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Economic Policy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18288/1994-5124-2026-4-38-67</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecpolicy-839</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАКРОЭКОНОМИКА И ФИНАНСЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MACROECONOMICS AND FINANCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изменение бюджетной устойчивости развитых стран под влиянием экономических доктрин</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Is the Fiscal Sustainability of Developed Countries Influenced by Economic Doctrines?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0431-4993</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколов</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Илья Александрович Соколов, Кандидат экономических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>125167, Москва, Ленинградский пр., 49/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya A. Sokolov, Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Lead Researcher</p><p>49/2, Leningradskiy pr., Moscow, 125167</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sokolov@iep.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6635-7190</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корытин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korytin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Владимирович Корытин, Старший научный сотрудник</p><p>125167, Москва, Ленинградский пр., 49/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Korytin, Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Senior Researcher</p><p>49/2, Leningradskiy pr., Moscow, 125167</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">korytin.andrey@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Financial University Under the Government of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><elocation-id>38–67</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Соколов И.А., Корытин А.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Соколов И.А., Корытин А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sokolov I.A., Korytin A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/839">https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/839</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена оценке долгосрочной устойчивости современных систем государственных финансов в развитых странах. Предметом исследования является соотношение между основными источниками финансирования государственных расходов налоговыми доходами и государственным долгом, а также способы достижения сбалансированного бюджета при существующих бюджетных обязательствах, структуре экономики и уровне долговой нагрузки. Цель работы заключается в оценке способности развитых стран обеспечить финансирование бюджета за счет текущих доходов при поддержании экономически оправданного сочетания налоговых и долговых источников его наполнения. Методологическую основу составляет количественный анализ показателей бюджетов расширенного правительства и государственных финансов на основе данных макроэкономической и бюджетной статистики МВФ и ОЭСР по 23 развитым странам, дополненный сравнительным и историко-экономическим исследованием эволюции научных подходов к налогово-бюджетной и денежно-кредитной политике. Установлено, что независимо от доминирующей экономической доктрины в развитых странах наблюдается устойчивая тенденция опережающего роста государственных расходов по сравнению с доходами, что приводит к хроническим бюджетным дефицитам и накоплению государственного долга. Применение традиционных мер бюджетной консолидации в виде сокращения расходов и увеличения налогов дает незначительный эффект. Обеспечение бюджетной устойчивости в последние десятилетия во многом зависит от поддержания низких процентных ставок, однако после 2020 года рост инфляции и стоимости заимствований существенно усилил уязвимость государственных финансов. Сделан вывод об усилении рисков бюджетной уязвимости в развитых странах в случае продолжения текущей налогово-бюджетной политики. Отмечена необходимость более жесткого контроля расходной части за счет уменьшения низкопроизводительных трат в целях возврата к положительному первичному сальдо бюджета, а также возможность перераспределения налоговой нагрузки от прямых налогов к косвенным.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper assesses the long-term sustainability of public finance systems in advanced economies by focusing on the relative amounts from the main sources financing government expenditure tax revenues and public debt as well as on the feasibility of achieving a balanced budget under existing expenditure commitments, economic structures, and debt levels. The aim of the study is to evaluate the capacity of advanced economies to finance public spending through current revenues and to identify a reasonable balance between fiscal and debt funding. The method employs quantitative analysis of general government budget indicators and public finance data derived from IMF and OECD statistical databases for 23 advanced economies. This empirical approach is complemented by comparative and historical analysis of the evolution of fiscal and monetary policy. The results suggest that, irrespective of the prevailing economic doctrine, government expenditures tend to grow faster than revenues, a situation that leads to persistent budget deficits and rising public debt. Conventional fiscal consolidation measures, such as expenditure cuts and tax increases, have produced only limited effects. In recent decades, fiscal sustainability has largely depended on a low interest rate policy; however, rising inflation and debt servicing costs since 2020 have significantly increased the vulnerabilities of public finance. The paper concludes that the continuation of current fiscal policies is likely to intensify risks to budget sustainability. It highlights the need for stricter expenditure control, particularly through the reduction of unproductive expenditures, in order to restore a positive primary balance. A reallocation of the tax burden from direct to indirect taxation is also considered as a viable policy option.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>налогово-бюджетная политика</kwd><kwd>бюджетные доходы</kwd><kwd>бюджетные расходы</kwd><kwd>налоги</kwd><kwd>бюджетный дефицит</kwd><kwd>государственный долг</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fiscal policy</kwd><kwd>budget revenues</kwd><kwd>budget expenditures</kwd><kwd>taxes</kwd><kwd>budget deficit</kwd><kwd>public debt</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена по результатам исследований, выполненных за счет бюджетных средств по государственному заданию Финансового университета при Правительстве Российской Федерации.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This article is based on research carried out with the help of budgetary funds as a part of the state-commissioned research program of the Financial University Under the Government of the Russian Federation.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Acosta-Ormaechea S., Sola S., Yoo J. 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