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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecpolicy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5124</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-2658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Economic Policy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18288/1994-5124-2021-4-8-41</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecpolicy-84</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Макроэкономика</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Macroeconomics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Динамика кредитной активности стран ЕС после Великой рецессии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dynamics of EU Countries’ Credit Activity After the Great Recession</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Подругина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Podrugina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анастасия Викторовна Подругина — преподаватель департамента мировой экономики факультета мировой экономики и мировой политики</p><p>101000, Москва, Мясницкая ул., 20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia V. Podrugina</p><p>20, Myasnitskaya ul., Moscow, 101000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">apodrugina@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Подругина А.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Подругина А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Podrugina A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/84">https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/84</self-uri><abstract><p>Продолжительное кредитное сжатие после кризиса 2008–2009 годов исследователи рассматривают как одну из важных составляющих вялого подъема в развитых странах. Кредитный цикл представляет собой один из ключевых механизмов, определяющих колебания накопления и тем самым — важную составляющую бизнес-цикла. В статье анализируются тенденции восстановления кредитной активности в европейских странах. Выделяются две группы стран — с замедленным восстановлением кредитной активности и с аномально продолжительным периодом кредитного сжатия. Один из существенных факторов замедления восстановления кредитной активности лежит на стороне предложения кредита: ужесточение регуляторных требований к банкам (Базель II, Базель II.5, Базель III) негативно повлияло на предложение кредитов через требования к заемщикам. В работе анализируется модель кредитного цикла европейских стран. С помощью векторной авторегрессионной модели с использованием панельных данных построена эконометрическая модель кредитного цикла. Кредитные стандарты полагаются эндогенной переменной, то есть зависимой от других переменных, а изменение базельских требований к банкам — экзогенным шоком. Эконометрическая модель показывает сокращение кредитной и экономической активности при ужесточении кредитных стандартов для всех стран, а также формирование кредитных стандартов на основе макроэкономических переменных, прежде всего в зависимости от ставки процента. В статье не рассматривается вопрос об оптимальном балансе между снижением вероятности банковского кризиса и сдерживанием экономического роста.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Protracted credit crunch aﬅer the 2008–2009 crisis is considered as one of the most signiﬁcant determinants of a sluggish rise in advanced economies. The credit cycle represents a key element of the business cycle, determining capital accumulation ﬂuctuations. The article analyzes recovery trends of credit activity in the EU, and identiﬁes two groups of countries: those with a slow credit recovery and those with an abnormally long period of credit crunch. One of the signiﬁcant factors slowing the recovery of credit activity lies in the supply side of credit: the tightening of regulatory requirements for banks (Basel II, Basel II.5, Basel III) has had a negative impact on the loan supply. The paper examines the credit cycle model of European countries. An econometric model of the EU credit cycle is constructed as a vector autoregressive model using panel data. Credit standards are assumed to be an endogenous variable, i.e. dependent on other variables; and the change in the Basel requirements for banks is assumed to be an exogenous shock. The econometric model shows a reduction in credit and economic activity due to credit standards tightening for all countries, as well as the formation of credit standards based on macroeconomic variables, primarily depending on the interest rate. The article does not consider the optimal balance between reducing the banking crisis probability and curbing economic growth</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кризис</kwd><kwd>кредитный цикл</kwd><kwd>кредитное сжатие</kwd><kwd>финансовое регулирование</kwd><kwd>банковское кредитование</kwd><kwd>ЕС</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>crisis</kwd><kwd>credit cycle</kwd><kwd>credit crunch</kwd><kwd>ﬁnancial regulation</kwd><kwd>bank lending</kwd><kwd>EU</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bernanke B. S., Gertler M. Inside the Black Box: The Credit Channel of Monetary Policy1. Transmission. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 1995, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 27-48. DOI:10.1257/jep.9.4.27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bernanke B. S., Gertler M. Inside the Black Box: The Credit Channel of Monetary Policy1. Transmission. 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