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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecpolicy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5124</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-2658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Economic Policy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18288/1994-5124-2021-3-8-43</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecpolicy-89</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экономическая теория</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Economic Theory</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современная денежная теория (ММТ): новая парадигма или набор рекомендаций для макроэкономической политики?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Monetary Theory (MMT): New Paradigm or a Set of Recommendations for Macroeconomic Policy?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грищенко</surname><given-names>В. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grishchenko</surname><given-names>Vadim O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вадим Олегович Грищенко — консультант департамента исследований и прогнозирования,</p><p>107016, Москва, Неглинная ул., 12.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim O. Grishchenko,</p><p>12, Neglinnaya ul., Moscow, 107016.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gvo@mail.cbr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Остапенко</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostapenko</surname><given-names>Vsevolod M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Всеволод Михайлович Остапенко — кандидат экономических наук, доцент кафедры экономической теории,</p><p>199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7–9. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vsevolod M. Ostapenko, Cand. Sci. (Econ.),</p><p>7–9, Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.ostapenko@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ткачев</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkachev</surname><given-names>Vasiliy N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Василий Николаевич Ткачев — кандидат экономических наук, доцент кафедры международных финансов,</p><p>119454, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 76.  </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasiliy N. Tkachev, Cand. Sci. (Econ.),</p><p>76, pr. Vernadskogo, Moscow, 119454.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tkachev_mgimo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тунёв</surname><given-names>В. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tunyov</surname><given-names>Victor D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктор Дмитриевич Тунёв — управляющий директор, автор telegram-канала https://t.me/truevalue,</p><p>614000, Пермь, Петропавловская ул., 53.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victor D. Tunyov,</p><p>53, Petropavlovskaya ul., Perm, 614000. Telegram channel https://t.me/truevalue.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tunyov@agidel-am.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Банк России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Bank of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГИМО МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «Управляющая компания “Агидель”»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Agidel Asset Management</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Грищенко В.О., Остапенко В.М., Ткачев В.Н., Тунёв В.Д., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Грищенко В.О., Остапенко В.М., Ткачев В.Н., Тунёв В.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grishchenko V.O., Ostapenko V.M., Tkachev V.N., Tunyov V.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/89">https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/89</self-uri><abstract><p>Авторы затрагивают ряд вопросов, ключевых для понимания теоретических основ так называемой современной денежной теории (Modern Monetary Theory, MMT), анализа ее прикладных рекомендаций и причин постепенной демаргинализации. Рассматриваются фундаментальные положения ММТ, связанные с особенностями функционирования современных фиатных денежных систем, методом секторальных балансов и ролью государственного и частного секторов в создании совокупного спроса. Подчеркивается необходимость разграничения между методологией и идеологией ММТ, ее теоретическими предпосылками и макроэкономическими рецептами. Отмечается, что из в целом корректного описания функционирования современной фиатной денежной системы не обязательно следуют рекомендации ММТ в области экономической политики. Особое внимание уделено применимости этой концепции к экономикам с формирующимися рынками, в том числе к российской. Многие страны с формирующимися рынками не обладают денежным суверенитетом. Они сталкиваются с инфляционными ограничениями (масштабный эффект переноса колебаний курса на цены) и могут испытывать затруднения с обслуживанием внешней задолженности (в иностранной валюте). Чтобы наиболее известные макроэкономические рецепты ММТ стали применимыми в этих странах, нужно приложить дополнительные усилия — прежде всего уменьшить зависимость от внешней торговли и потоков капитала. Варианты стимулирования экономического роста и достижения «истинной» полной занятости, выдвигаемые сторонниками ММТ, являются в настоящее время предметом острой полемики. В статье разбираются основные критические аргументы, получившие отражение в российской экономической литературе. Показано, что существующей критики для «опровержения» ММТ недостаточно, при этом она обходит стороной ряд спорных положений концепции.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The authors examine the essential theoretical components of MMT, its policy recommendations and reasons for gaining popularity in advanced economies. Fundamental features of MMT are concerned, namely the specifics of modern fiat monetary systems’ functioning, stock-flow consistent modeling, and the role of government and private sector in the creation of aggregate demand. The necessity to separate methodology and ideology of MMT for distinguishing between its theoretical presumptions and macroeconomic recipes is emphasized. It is claimed that economic policy recommendations of MMT do not follow directly from the overall correct description of fiat monetary system. In particular, the applicability of MMT to the Russian economy, as well to other emerging economies, is analyzed. These economies are offered to rethink their policies using the principles of monetarily sovereign government. Their policymakers need to shift priorities from balancing the budget to decreasing the dependence on capital flows and foreign trade. MMT-style options of stimulating economic growth and reaching the “genuine” full employment are in the epicenter of current macroeconomic debates in academia and the political sphere. The paper discusses the main critical arguments against MMT which appeared in Russian economics journals. It is stated that the existing critique is not enough for “debunking” MMT, but at the same time several weak points have not been taken into account.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>современная денежная теория</kwd><kwd>ММТ</kwd><kwd>макроэкономическая политика</kwd><kwd>фискальная политика</kwd><kwd>секторальные балансы</kwd><kwd>монетарно суверенное государство</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>modern monetary theory</kwd><kwd>MMT</kwd><kwd>macroeconomic policy</kwd><kwd>fiscal policy</kwd><kwd>stock-flow consistent modeling</kwd><kwd>monetarily sovereign government</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андрюшин С. А. Деньги — это творение государства или рынка? (О «современной денежной теории», изложенной в учебнике У. Митчелла, Л. Р. Рея и М. Уоттса «Макроэкономика») // Вопросы экономики. 2020. № 6. 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