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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecpolicy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5124</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-2658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Economic Policy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18288/1994-5124-2021-4-104-143</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecpolicy-90</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИКРОЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MICROECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль конкуренции в инновационной активности фирм в переходных экономиках</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Empirical Analysis of the Role of Competition in Innovation Activity of Firms: Evidence from BEEPS Data</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симачев</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Simachev</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Вячеславович Симачев — кандидат технических наук, профессор, директор по экономической политике, директор Центра исследований структурной политики</p><p>109028, Москва, Покровский бул., 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri V. Simachev, Cand. Sci. (Tech.), Professor. Centre for Structural Policy Research</p><p>11, Pokrovskiy bul., Moscow, 109028</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yusimachev@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федюнина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedyunina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Андреевна Федюнина — кандидат экономических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник Центра исследований структурной политики</p><p>109028, Москва, Покровский бул., 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Fedyunina, Cand. Sci. (Econ.). Centre for Structural Policy Research</p><p>11, Pokrovskiy bul., Moscow, 109028</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">afedyunina@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубковская</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubkovskaya</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валерия Валерьевна Дубковская — студентка магистратуры, факультет коммуникаций, медиа и дизайна</p><p>109028, Москва, Покровский бул., 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeriya V. Dubkovskaya</p><p>11, Pokrovskiy bul., Moscow, 109028</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vvdubkovskaya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>104</fpage><lpage>143</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Симачев Ю.В., Федюнина А.А., Дубковская В.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Симачев Ю.В., Федюнина А.А., Дубковская В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Simachev Y.V., Fedyunina A.A., Dubkovskaya V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/90">https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/90</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье обсуждается специфика взаимосвязи конкуренции и инноваций в низко- и высокотехнологичных отраслях переходных экономик. Анализ проведен на основе данных Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) Всемирного банка по отраслям обрабатывающей промышленности в 32 странах и включает 8686 наблюдений. Если для низкотехнологичных отраслей переходных экономик выявлено существование перевернутой U-образной зависимости между конкуренцией и расходами на НИОКР, то для высокотехнологичных отраслей, в отличие от ситуации в странах с развитой экономикой, обнаружена монотонная зависимость, похожая на левую часть перевернутой U-образной кривой. Авторы предполагают, что это отражает «локальность» конкуренции в высокотехнологичных отраслях переходных экономик, при этом усиление конкуренции на внутреннем рынке, в том числе через смягчение протекционистских ограничений, может являться стимулирующим фактором для инновационной деятельности и не носит ограничительного характера. С точки зрения экономической политики важно повышать результативность инновационной деятельности, чтобы избежать имитации позитивных изменений в переходных экономиках, особенно тех, для которых характерна дирижистская модель управления. В таком контексте авторы выделяют два основных направления: первое — повышение качества корпоративного управления в компаниях с государственной собственностью, имеющих одинаковый с частными компаниями уровень расходов на НИОКР, но отличающихся более низкой результативностью инновационной деятельности; второе — привлечение прямых иностранных инвестиций и формирование благоприятных условий для компаний с иностранной собственностью, имеющих, как правило, при прочих равных более высокую результативность инноваций, что может служить драйвером развития национальной инновационной экосистемы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study discusses the relationship between competition and innovation in low-tech and high-tech industries in transition economies. The analysis is based on the World Bank’s Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) for manufacturing industries in 32 countries and includes 8,686 observations. We ﬁnd an inverted U-shaped relationship between competition and R&amp;D expenditure for low-technology industries, and a positive monotonic relationship for high-technology industries, similar to the leﬅ side of the inverted U-shaped curve. The latter result is in contrast to the previous results for developed economies, which also ﬁnd an inverted U-shaped relationship between competition and innovation. We assume that our results reﬂect the “localization” of competition in high-tech sectors of transition economies, when increased competition in the domestic market of transition economies is not restrictive by nature and may foster innovation activity. From an economic policy perspective, it is important to discuss how to improve innovation performance in order to avoid mimicking positive changes in transition economies, especially those characterized by authoritarian policymaking. We focus on two main areas. First, it is necessary to improve the quality of corporate governance in state-owned companies that do not diﬀer in R&amp;D spending from private companies but have lower innovation performance; and second, it is necessary to attract foreign direct investment and create an enabling environment for foreign-owned companies that tend to have higher innovativeness—all other things being equal—and may foster national innovation ecosystems.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инновации</kwd><kwd>конкуренция</kwd><kwd>страны с переходной экономикой</kwd><kwd>низкотехнологичные отрасли</kwd><kwd>высокотехнологичные отрасли</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>innovation</kwd><kwd>competition</kwd><kwd>transition economies</kwd><kwd>low-tech industries</kwd><kwd>high-tech industries</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках гранта Президента Российской Федерации для государственной поддержки молодых российских ученых «Оценка участия России в международной торговле продукцией, связанной с технологиями Четвертой промышленной революции, и ее влияние на улучшение позиций России в глобальных цепочках создания стоимости» (соглашение от 20.04.2021 № 075-15-2021-318).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авдашева С. 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