ecpolicyЭкономическая политикаEconomic Policy1994-51242411-2658Economic Policy10.18288/1994-5124-2021-1-82-103ecpolicy-91Research ArticleЭКОНОМИКА ТРАНСПОРТАTRANSPORT ECONOMICSСтратегии устойчивой мобильности: лучшие мировые практикиStrategies for Sustainable Urban Mobility: Analysis of Best PracticesКомаровВ. М.KomarovV. M.

Владимир Михайлович Комаров, кандидат экономических наук, директор Центра стратегий регионального развития Института прикладных экономических исследований; руководитель стратегической группы

119571, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 82

107078, Москва, пр. Академика Сахарова, 12

Vladimir M. Komarov, Cand. Sci. (Econ.). Institute of Applied Economic Research

82, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571

12, Akademika Sakharova pr., Moscow, 107078

komarov-vm@ranepa.ruАкимоваВ. В.AkimovaV. V.

Варвара Владимировна Акимова, кандидат географических наук, научный сотрудник Центра стратегий регионального развития Института прикладных экономических исследований; научный сотрудник географического факультета

119571, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 82

119234, Москва, Ленинские Горы, 1

Varvara V. Akimova, Cand. Sci. (Geogr.), Institute of Applied Economic Research

82, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571

1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119234

varvaraakimova1576@gmail.comРАНХиГС; Аналитический центр при Правительстве Российской ФедерацииРоссияRussian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration; Analytical Center for the Government of the Russian FederationRussian FederationРАНХиГС; МГУ им. М. В. ЛомоносоваРоссияRussian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration; Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian Federation20212802202116182103Copyright © Комаров В.М., Акимова В.В., 20212021Комаров В.М., Акимова В.В.Komarov V.M., Akimova V.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/91

Статья посвящена анализу утвержденных стратегий устойчивой мобильности (устойчивого транспорта) ведущих городов мира. Показано, что в большинстве стратегических документов заложены схожие принципы и цели, определяющие векторы трансформации городов. К фундаментальным принципам относятся: иерархия приоритетов в городе (наличие системы приоритетов, не только финансовых, но и ценностных, для справедливого распределения городского пространства, начиная от пешеходной и велосипедной мобильности и общественного транспорта и заканчивая парковками); принцип «80:20» — повышение доли экомобильности (фиксация цели по доведению к 2030 году доли устойчивых видов передвижений до 80% и снижению доли автомобилей до 20%); «здоровые улицы — здоровые люди», «совершенные улицы» (переформатирование улиц, ориентированных на автомобили, в велопешеходные пространства, административные ограничения для автомобилей, интернализация внешних эффектов); нулевая терпимость к ДТП (Vision Zero); развитие сети велодорожек и скоростного экологически чистого рельсового общественного транспорта; создание преимущественных прав проезда для общественного транспорта; компактность, полицентричность, транзитно-ориентированность городских территорий; интернализация внешних эффектов от автотранспорта; умный транспорт, мультимодальность транспортных узлов; рассмотрение транспортной системы как интегральной составляющей устойчивости города (холистический взгляд). Выявлено, что в проанализированных стратегиях мобильности транспорт как стратегическое направление органично вписан в общую траекторию устойчивого долгосрочного развития и повышения «подлинного человеческого благополучия». Большинство стратегий фокусируются на учете субъективного опыта бенефициаров, который лежит в основе преобразований (people-centered approach). Дополнительными результатами реализации стратегий устойчивой мобильности, особенно востребованными в условиях пандемии COVID-19, являются понижение плотности застройки, создание безопасной дистанции в городах, удешевление грузоперевозок и формирование более справедливого и безопасного города.

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the approved strategies for sustainable mobility (sustainable transport) in the world’s leading cities. It is shown that most strategic documents contain similar principles and goals that determine the transformation vectors for cities. The fundamental principles include hierarchy of priorities (not only financial, but also in terms of equitable distribution of urban space, starting from pedestrian and bicycle mobility and public transport and ending with parking); increasing ecomobility, involving the “80:20” principle (fixing the goal of bringing the share of sustainable modes of mobility to 80% and decreasing the share of cars to 20% by 2030); “healthy streets, healthy people” and “complete streets” (reformatting car-oriented streets into bicycle and pedestrian spaces, administrative restrictions for cars, internalization of externalities); development of environmentally friendly high-speed rail public transport and the creation of preferential access rights for public transport; Vision Zero (zero tolerance for road accidents); compactness, polycentricity, and transit-oriented development; smart transport and multimodality; consideration of the transport system as one of the integral parts of the city’s stability (holistic view), etc. It is determined that the analyzed mobility strategies organically integrate into the general trajectory of sustainable long-term development and promotion of real human well-being. Most strategies focus on personal experience of their beneficiaries, which lies at the heart of any reform (people-centered approach). An additional benefit resulting from the implementation of sustainable mobility strategies is lower density and safer distancing within cities, which is highly relevant in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as reduced freight prices and development of a more just and secure city environment. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.