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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecpolicy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5124</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-2658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Economic Policy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18288/1994-5124-2021-5-8-39</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecpolicy-92</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экономика и демография</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Economics and Demography</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Миграция, квалификация работников и экономический рост в регионах мира: анализ на модели с перекрывающимися поколениями</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Estimating the Impact of Skill-Differentiated Migration on Long-Term Economic Growth in a Global CGE-OLG Model</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нестерова</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>NESTEROVA</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кристина Владимировна Нестерова —  старший научный сотрудник лаборатории  математического моделирования экономических процессов  Института прикладных экономических исследований,  научный сотрудник Центра перспективных социальных  исследований Института общественных наук</p><p>117517, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 82</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kristina V. NESTEROVA. Institute of Applied Economic Research; Insti tute for Social Sciences</p><p>82, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nesterovakv@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>РАНХиГС</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>5</issue><elocation-id>8–39</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Нестерова К.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нестерова К.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">NESTEROVA K.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/92">https://www.ecpolicy.ru/jour/article/view/92</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе оценивается влияние миграции на долгосрочный рост реального ВВП в зависимости от уровня квалификации мигрантов для 17 регионов мира, включающих 165 стран. Используемая глобальная вычислимая модель общего равновесия со ста перекрывающимися поколениями откалибрована по прогнозам ООН до 2100 года по общей численности и возрастной структуре населения, а также величине миграционных потоков и возрастному профилю мигрантов. Модель учитывает реальные данные по соотношению квалификации труда местного населения и мигрантов для каждого региона, а также такие элементы, как данные по бюджетно-налоговой системе, пенсионной системе и доходам от добычи ресурсов — факторам, оказывающим влияние на долгосрочный рост, производительность труда и налоговую нагрузку. Оценки сделаны для 17 регионов мира, каждый из которых включает одну или несколько стран со сходными условиями. Для США, Великобритании и региона, объединяющего Канаду, Австралию и Новую Зеландию, показано, что вклад миграции в экономический рост этих регионов превосходит потери от неблагоприятной динамики рождаемости и смертности. Миграция влияет на экономический рост по двум каналам: через эффект от изменения численности населения и эффект от изменения соотношения квалификации трудовых ресурсов. Показывается, что увеличение численности населения положительно влияет на ВВП, а эффект от изменения соотношения квалификации зависит от того, в какую сторону отклоняется соотношение всего населения региона от оптимума. Так, для России прогнозируемый положительный чистый приток мигрантов дает прирост ВВП за счет увеличения численности населения в размере 7,7% к 2100 году. Миграция приводит также к увеличению доли труда низкой квалификации, что приближает страну к оптимальному распределению факторов производства, снижает издержки на оплату труда низкой квалификации и добавляет еще 2,5% ВВП. При этом у низкоквалифицированных индивидов благосостояние падает, а у высококвалифицированных — растет.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper attempts to estimate the impact of skill-differentiated migration on longterm economic growth in 17 regions containing 165 countries. The author contructs a global CGE-OLG model with 100 overlapping generations calibrated based on the UN demographic projections up to 2100 specifying total population, age structure, migration flows and age distribution of migrants. The model accounts for data on skill distributions of locals and migrants as well as budgetary data, major pension system indicators and cash flows from fossil fuels extraction. These are factors altering long-term growth, labor productivity and tax burden. Estimates of migration contribution to GDP growth in the US, the UK, Canada and Australia outweigh those of adverse dynamics of fertility and mortality and reach 32.8, 26.3 and 63.5 percent of GDP respectively in 2100. The impact of migration on growth is divided into two channels: total population growth effect and skill distribution effect. It is shown that population growth has a positive influence on GDP while the skill distribution effect may be ambiguous depending on the direction that it takes the actual skill distribution relative to the optimal. For Russia, the predicted positive net migrant inflow generates a 7.7% GDP gain by 2100 due to total population increase. It also leads to an increase in the share of unskilled labor, which in turn brings the country closer to the optimal distribution of production factors, reduces the cost of unskilled labor and adds another 2.5% to the GDP. This is followed by a decline in welfare of low-skilled individuals and welfare gains for high-skilled labor. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экономический рост</kwd><kwd>миграция</kwd><kwd>утечка мозгов</kwd><kwd>глобальная модель общего равновесия</kwd><kwd>перекрывающиеся поколения</kwd><kwd>демография</kwd><kwd>производительность труда</kwd><kwd>трудовые ресурсы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>economic growth</kwd><kwd>migration</kwd><kwd>brain drain</kwd><kwd>global general equilibrium model</kwd><kwd>overlapping generations</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared in the framework of a research grant funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (grant ID 075-15-2020-908).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Валеев Т. 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